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    Double Spin Resonance for Traceable Ultrasensitive Atomic Spin Sensor

    Xiaofei Huang1,*, Weiyi Wang1,*, Yanhui Hu2,†, Yong-Chun Liu3,4, Jiancheng Fang1,5,6, and Kai Wei1,5,6,‡

    • 1The School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
    • 2Institute of Molecular Physical Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
    • 3State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    • 4Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
    • 5National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
    • 6Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: yanhui.hu@phys.chem.ethz.ch
    • ‡Contact author: weikai@buaa.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 043001 – Published 21 July, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gy6f-4cs9

    Abstract

    We report an ultrasensitive atomic spin sensor employing double spin resonance, achieving a spin signal enhancement of 2600 and a sensitivity of 0.57  fT/Hz under nonzero magnetic field measurements. Furthermore, we establish an in situ alkali-noble-gas spin sensor by tracing the measured spin precession frequency to the nuclear spins gyromagnetic ratio constant with high accuracy. The dominant systematic uncertainty induced by Fermi-contact interactions during the trace process has been suppressed by more than 2 orders of magnitude via pulsed train sequences. This Letter paves the way for achieving both ultrahigh sensitivity and traceability, offering promising opportunities for exploring new physics beyond the standard model and advancing quantum metrology in complex environments.

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