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Zero-Point Motion of Polar Optical Phonons Revealed by Up-Converted Photoluminescence from a Single Perovskite Nanocrystal at Cryogenic Temperatures

Rentong Duan1,*, Fengrui Hu2,*,†, Chunyang Yin3,*, Yan Lv4, Chunfeng Zhang1, Min Xiao1, Zhi-Gang Yu5,6,‡, and Xiaoyong Wang1,§

  • 1National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
  • 2College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
  • 3Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
  • 4School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
  • 5Sivananthan Laboratories, Bolingbrook, Illinois 60440, USA
  • 6Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: frhu@nju.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: zhi-gang.yu@wsu.edu
  • §Contact author: wxiaoyong@nju.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 196901 – Published 5 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gp1z-fbl6

Abstract

Quantum mechanics suggests a persistent lattice vibration even at zero temperature; however, this elusive zero-point motion is difficult to measure for further analyses and exploitations. Here, we have performed near-resonant excitations on single perovskite CsPbI3 nanocrystals (NCs) at cryogenic temperatures, showing that pronounced up-converted photoluminescence (UC-PL) still takes place even at ∼4  K despite the vanishing phonon-assisted absorption. This surprising result can be explained in terms of a dynamic electric field caused by the zero-point motion of polar optical phonons, which gives rise to an absorption tail as in the Franz-Keldysh electroabsorption process. Furthermore, laser cooling is demonstrated in the ∼4  K UC-PL process of a single CsPbI3 NC, which opens a novel research avenue for the realization of even lower temperatures beyond the limit set forth by the helium-based cryostat.

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Research News

Zeroing In on Zero-Point Motion Inside a Crystal

Published 5 November, 2025

A nanocrystal cooled to near absolute zero produces an unexpected light emission, which is shown to arise from quantum fluctuations in the crystal’s atomic lattice.

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