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  • Open Access

Bell Inequality Violation of Light Quarks in Dihadron Pair Production at Lepton Colliders

Kun Cheng1,* and Bin Yan2,3,†

  • *Contact author: kun.cheng@pitt.edu
  • †Contact author: yanbin@ihep.ac.cn
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 011902 – Published 2 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gmqz-v4cl

Abstract

Spin correlations between particles produced at colliders provide valuable insights for quantum information studies. While traditional studies of quantum information at colliders are typically limited to massive particles with perturbative decay, we propose an innovative method to explore the Bell inequality in massless quark pair systems by analyzing the azimuthal correlations in π+π− dihadron pair production at lepton colliders. Revisiting the Belle data, we have shown the potential to detect Bell inequality violation of light quarks by introducing an additional angular cut, achieving a significance of 2.5σ even in the worst-case scenario of 100% correlated systematic uncertainties in each bin. The significance substantially exceeds 5σ when considering uncorrelated systematic uncertainties. Our approach opens avenues for exploring spin quantum information with nonperturbative processes as spin analyzer and leverages existing data for quantum information research.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 011902– Published 2 July, 2025
  • Received 15 January 2025
  • Revised 28 March 2025
  • Accepted 20 June 2025
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