Quantum Entanglement of XY-Type Spin Dimers on the Shastry-Sutherland Lattice

Qianli Ma; Brianna R. Billingsley; Alin Niraula; Madalynn Marshall; David A. Dahlbom; Yiqing Hao; Daniel M. Pajerowski; Alexander I. Kolesnikov; Xiaojian Bai; Cristian D. Batista; Tai Kong; Huibo Cao

doi:10.1103/gl65-17z7

Quantum Entanglement of XY-Type Spin Dimers on the Shastry-Sutherland Lattice

Qianli Ma ^1,*, Brianna R. Billingsley ^2,*, Alin Niraula³, Madalynn Marshall ^4,1, David A. Dahlbom ¹, Yiqing Hao¹, Daniel M. Pajerowski ¹, Alexander I. Kolesnikov ¹, Xiaojian Bai ^5,1 et al.

Cristian D. Batista ⁶, Tai Kong ^2,7,†, and Huibo Cao ^1,‡

¹Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, 37831
²Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA, 85721
³Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803
⁴Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA, 30144
⁵Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803
⁶Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, 37996
⁷Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA, 85721

^*These authors contributed equally to this work.
^†Contact author: tkong@arizona.edu
^‡Contact author: caoh@ornl.gov

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 086701 – Published 17 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gl65-17z7

Abstract

We report a comprehensive study on the origin of the enigmatic disordered ground state within the Shastry-Sutherland lattice, ${BaCe}_{2} {ZnS}_{5}$ , at low temperatures. The magnetization and heat capacity data show a lack of magnetic ordering down to 73 mK. We deploy a localized spin dimer model which can accurately reproduce the dynamic structure factor of the neutron data, magnetization, and heat capacity data. Remarkably, the intradimer exchange interaction shows strong XY-type anisotropy and the ground state of ${BaCe}_{2} {ZnS}_{5}$ is in an entangled state $(| ↑ ↑ ⟩ - | ↓ ↓ ⟩) / \sqrt{2}$ . This is in contrast to the singlet dimer state that is obtained for Heisenberg interactions. These results confirm that ${BaCe}_{2} {ZnS}_{5}$ is in a quantum paramagnet state consisting of entangled spin dimer states.

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Quantum Entanglement of XY-Type Spin Dimers on the Shastry-Sutherland Lattice

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Quantum Entanglement of XY-Type Spin Dimers on the Shastry-Sutherland Lattice

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