Open Access

Results from the T2K Experiment on Neutrino Mixing Including a New Far Detector $μ$ -like Sample

K. Abe⁶¹, S. Abe⁶⁰, R. Akutsu¹⁶, H. Alarakia-Charles³⁴, Y. I. Alj Hakim⁵⁵, S. Alonso Monsalve⁹, L. Anthony²¹, S. Aoki³², K. A. Apte²¹ et al. (T2K Collaboration)

K. A. Apte²¹, T. Arai⁶⁰, T. Arihara⁶⁴, S. Arimoto³³, Y. Ashida⁷⁰, E. T. Atkin²¹, N. Babu³⁸, V. Baranov³⁹, G. J. Barker⁷¹, G. Barr⁴⁷, D. Barrow⁴⁷, P. Bates³⁷, L. Bathe-Peters⁴⁷, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak¹⁵, N. Baudis⁴⁷, V. Berardi²², L. Berns⁷⁰, S. Bhattacharjee³⁸, A. Blanchet¹¹, A. Blondel^58,12, P. M. M. Boistier⁵, S. Bolognesi⁵, S. Bordoni¹², S. B. Boyd⁷¹, C. Bronner⁷³, A. Bubak⁵⁶, M. Buizza Avanzini³⁶, J. A. Caballero⁵⁴, F. Cadoux¹², N. F. Calabria²², S. Cao²⁰, S. Cap¹², D. Carabadjac^36,*, S. L. Cartwright⁵⁵, M. P. Casado^18,†, M. G. Catanesi²², J. Chakrani³⁵, A. Chalumeau⁵⁸, D. Cherdack¹⁷, A. Chvirova²⁶, J. Coleman³⁷, G. Collazuol²⁴, F. Cormier⁶⁶, A. A. L. Craplet²¹, A. Cudd⁶, D. D’Ago²⁴, C. Dalmazzone⁵⁸, T. Daret⁵, P. Dasgupta⁸, C. Davis⁴⁸, Yu. I. Davydov³⁹, P. de Perio²⁹, G. De Rosa²³, T. Dealtry³⁴, C. Densham⁴⁴, A. Dergacheva²⁶, R. Dharmapal Banerjee⁷², F. Di Lodovico³¹, G. Diaz Lopez⁵⁸, S. Dolan¹¹, D. Douqa¹², T. A. Doyle⁴⁷, O. Drapier³⁶, K. E. Duffy⁴⁷, J. Dumarchez⁵⁸, P. Dunne²¹, K. Dygnarowicz⁶⁹, A. Eguchi⁶⁰, J. Elias⁵⁰, S. Emery-Schrenk⁵, G. Erofeev²⁶, A. Ershova³⁶, G. Eurin⁵, D. Fedorova²⁶, S. Fedotov²⁶, M. Feltre²⁴, L. Feng³³, D. Ferlewicz⁵⁸, A. J. Finch³⁴, M. D. Fitton⁴⁴, C. Forza²⁴, M. Friend^16,‡, Y. Fujii^16,‡, Y. Fukuda⁴¹, Y. Furui⁶⁴, J. García-Marcos¹⁴, A. C. Germer⁴⁸, L. Giannessi¹², C. Giganti⁵⁸, M. Girgus⁶⁸, V. Glagolev³⁹, M. Gonin²⁸, R. González Jiménez⁵⁴, J. González Rosa⁵⁴, E. A. G. Goodman¹³, K. Gorshanov²⁶, P. Govindaraj⁶⁸, M. Grassi²⁴, M. Guigue⁵⁸, F. Y. Guo⁴³, D. R. Hadley⁷¹, S. Han^33,62, D. A. Harris⁷⁴, R. J. Harris^34,44, T. Hasegawa^16,‡, C. M. Hasnip¹¹, S. Hassani⁵, N. C. Hastings¹⁶, Y. Hayato^61,29, I. Heitkamp⁷⁰, D. Henaff⁵, Y. Hino¹⁶, J. Holeczek⁵⁶, A. Holin⁴⁴, T. Holvey⁴⁷, N. T. Hong Van²⁷, T. Honjo⁴⁶, M. C. F. Hooft¹⁴, K. Hosokawa⁶¹, J. Hu³³, A. K. Ichikawa⁷⁰, K. Ieki⁶¹, M. Ikeda⁶¹, T. H. Ishida⁷⁰, T. Ishida^16,‡, M. Ishitsuka⁶⁵, H. Ito³², S. Ito⁷³, A. Izmaylov²⁶, N. Jachowicz¹⁴, S. J. Jenkins³⁷, C. Jesús-Valls¹¹, M. Jia⁴³, J. J. Jiang⁴³, J. Y. Ji⁴³, T. P. Jones³⁴, P. Jonsson²¹, S. Joshi⁴³, C. K. Jung^43,§, M. Kabirnezhad²¹, A. C. Kaboth⁵¹, H. Kakuno⁶⁴, J. Kameda⁶¹, S. Karpova¹², V. S. Kasturi¹², Y. Kataoka⁶¹, T. Katori³¹, A. Kawabata³⁰, Y. Kawamura⁴⁶, M. Kawaue³³, E. Kearns^2,§, M. Khabibullin²⁶, A. Khotjantsev²⁶, T. Kikawa³³, S. King³¹, V. Kiseeva³⁹, J. Kisiel⁵⁶, A. Klustová²¹, L. Kneale⁵⁵, H. Kobayashi⁶⁰, Sota. R. Kobayashi⁷⁰, L. Koch¹⁹, S. Kodama⁶⁰, M. Kolupanova²⁶, A. Konaka⁶⁶, L. L. Kormos³⁴, Y. Koshio^45,§, K. Kowalik⁴², Y. Kudenko^26,∥, Y. Kudo⁷³, A. Kumar Jha¹⁴, R. Kurjata⁶⁹, V. Kurochka²⁶, T. Kutter³⁸, L. Labarga¹, M. Lachat⁵⁰, K. Lachner⁹, J. Lagoda⁴², S. M. Lakshmi⁵⁶, M. Lamers James⁷¹, A. Langella²³, D. H. Langridge⁵¹, J.-F. Laporte⁵, D. Last⁵⁰, N. Latham³¹, M. Laveder²⁴, L. Lavitola²³, M. Lawe³⁴, D. Leon Silverio⁵⁹, S. Levorato²⁴, S. V. Lewis³¹, B. Li⁹, C. Lin²¹, R. P. Litchfield¹³, S. L. Liu⁴³, W. Li⁴⁷, A. Longhin²⁴, A. Lopez Moreno³¹, L. Ludovici²⁵, X. Lu⁷¹, T. Lux¹⁸, L. N. Machado¹³, L. Magaletti²², K. Mahn⁴⁰, K. K. Mahtani⁴³, M. Mandal⁴², S. Manly⁵⁰, A. D. Marino⁶, D. G. R. Martin²¹, D. A. Martinez Caicedo⁵⁹, L. Martinez¹⁸, M. Martini^58,¶, T. Matsubara¹⁶, R. Matsumoto⁶³, V. Matveev²⁶, C. Mauger⁴⁸, K. Mavrokoridis³⁷, N. McCauley³⁷, K. S. McFarland⁵⁰, C. McGrew⁴³, J. McKean²¹, A. Mefodiev²⁶, G. D. Megias⁵⁴, L. Mellet⁴⁰, C. Metelko³⁷, M. Mezzetto²⁴, S. Miki⁶¹, V. Mikola¹³, E. W. Miller²¹, A. Minamino⁷³, O. Mineev²⁶, S. Mine^61,4, J. Mirabito², M. Miura^61,§, S. Moriyama^61,§, S. Moriyama⁷³, P. Morrison¹³, Th. A. Mueller³⁶, D. Munford¹⁷, A. Muñoz^36,28, L. Munteanu¹¹, Y. Nagai⁸, T. Nakadaira^16,‡, K. Nakagiri⁶¹, M. Nakahata^61,29, Y. Nakajima⁶⁰, K. D. Nakamura⁷⁰, A. Nakano⁷⁰, Y. Nakano⁶⁷, S. Nakayama^61,29, T. Nakaya^33,29, K. Nakayoshi^16,‡, C. E. R. Naseby²¹, D. T. Nguyen¹⁰, V. Q. Nguyen³⁶, K. Niewczas¹⁴, S. Nishimori¹⁶, Y. Nishimura³⁰, Y. Noguchi⁶¹, T. Nosek⁴², F. Nova⁴⁴, J. C. Nugent²¹, H. M. O’Keeffe³⁴, L. O’Sullivan¹⁹, R. Okazaki³⁰, W. Okinaga⁶⁰, K. Okumura^62,29, T. Okusawa⁴⁶, N. Onda³³, N. Ospina²², L. Osu³⁶, N. Otani³³, Y. Oyama^16,‡, V. Paolone⁴⁹, J. Pasternak²¹, D. Payne³⁷, T. P. D. Peacock⁵⁵, M. Pfaff²¹, L. Pickering⁴⁴, B. Popov^58,**, A. J. Portocarrero Yrey¹⁶, M. Posiadala-Zezula⁶⁸, Y. S. Prabhu⁶⁸, H. Prasad⁷², F. Pupilli²⁴, B. Quilain^28,36, P. T. Quyen^20,††, E. Radicioni²², B. Radics⁷⁴, M. A. Ramirez Delgado⁴⁸, R. Ramsden³¹, P. N. Ratoff³⁴, M. Reh⁶, G. Reina¹⁹, C. Riccio⁴³, D. W. Riley¹³, E. Rondio⁴², S. Roth⁵², N. Roy⁷⁴, A. Rubbia⁹, L. Russo⁵⁸, A. Rychter⁶⁹, W. Saenz⁵⁸, K. Sakashita^16,‡, S. Samani¹², F. Sánchez¹², E. M. Sandford³⁷, Y. Sato⁶⁵, T. Schefke³⁸, C. M. Schloesser¹², K. Scholberg^7,§, M. Scott²¹, Y. Seiya^46,‡‡, T. Sekiguchi^16,‡, H. Sekiya^61,29,§, T. Sekiya⁶⁴, D. Seppala⁴⁰, D. Sgalaberna⁹, A. Shaikhiev²⁶, M. Shiozawa^61,29, Y. Shiraishi⁴⁵, A. Shvartsman²⁶, N. Skrobova²⁶, K. Skwarczynski⁵¹, D. Smyczek⁵², M. Smy⁴, J. T. Sobczyk⁷², H. Sobel^4,29, F. J. P. Soler¹³, A. J. Speers³⁴, R. Spina²², A. Srivastava¹⁹, P. Stowell⁵⁵, Y. Stroke²⁶, I. A. Suslov³⁹, A. Suzuki³², S. Y. Suzuki^16,‡, M. Tada^16,‡, S. Tairafune⁷⁰, A. Takeda⁶¹, Y. Takeuchi^32,29, K. Takeya⁴⁵, H. K. Tanaka^61,§, H. Tanigawa¹⁶, A. Teklu⁴³, V. V. Tereshchenko³⁹, N. Thamm⁵², C. Touramanis³⁷, N. Tran³³, T. Tsukamoto^16,‡, M. Tzanov³⁸, Y. Uchida²¹, M. Vagins^29,4, M. Varghese¹⁸, I. Vasilyev³⁹, G. Vasseur⁵, E. Villa^11,12, U. Virginet⁵⁸, T. Vladisavljevic⁴⁴, T. Wachala¹⁵, S.-i. Wada³², D. Wakabayashi⁷⁰, H. T. Wallace⁵⁵, J. G. Walsh⁴⁰, L. Wan², D. Wark^44,47, M. O. Wascko^47,44, A. Weber¹⁹, R. Wendell³³, M. J. Wilking⁵³, C. Wilkinson ³⁵, J. R. Wilson³¹, K. Wood³⁵, C. Wret²¹, J. Xia⁵⁷, K. Yamamoto^46,‡‡, T. Yamamoto⁴⁶, C. Yanagisawa^43,§§, Y. Yang⁴⁷, T. Yano⁶¹, K. Yasutome³³, N. Yershov²⁶, U. Yevarouskaya⁴³, M. Yokoyama^60,§, Y. Yoshimoto⁶⁰, N. Yoshimura³³, R. Zaki⁷⁴, A. Zalewska¹⁵, J. Zalipska⁴², G. Zarnecki¹⁵, J. Zhang^66,3, X. Y. Zhao⁹, H. Zheng⁴³, H. Zhong³², T. Zhu²¹, M. Ziembicki⁶⁹, E. D. Zimmerman⁶, M. Zito⁵⁸, and S. Zsoldos³¹ (T2K Collaboration)

¹University Autonoma Madrid, Department of Theoretical Physics, 28049 Madrid, Spain
²Boston University, Department of Physics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
³University of British Columbia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
⁴University of California, Irvine, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Irvine, California, USA
⁵IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁶University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado, USA
⁷Duke University, Department of Physics, Durham, North Carolina, USA
⁸Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest, Hungary
⁹ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
¹⁰VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
¹¹CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Genéve 23, Switzerland
¹²University of Geneva, Section de Physique, DPNC, Geneva, Switzerland
¹³University of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, United Kingdom
¹⁴Ghent University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
¹⁵H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
¹⁶High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
¹⁷University of Houston, Department of Physics, Houston, Texas, USA
¹⁸Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)—The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
¹⁹Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
²⁰Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
²¹Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
²²INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Bari, Italy
²³INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Dipartimento di Fisica, Napoli, Italy
²⁴INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica, Padova, Italy
²⁵INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Roma, Italy
²⁶Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
²⁷International Centre of Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
²⁸ILANCE, CNRS—University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
²⁹Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
³⁰Keio University, Department of Physics, Kanagawa, Japan
³¹King’s College London, Department of Physics, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
³²Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
³³Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
³⁴Lancaster University, Physics Department, Lancaster, United Kingdom
³⁵Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
³⁶Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Palaiseau, France
³⁷University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
³⁸Louisiana State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
³⁹Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
⁴⁰Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
⁴¹Miyagi University of Education, Department of Physics, Sendai, Japan
⁴²National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
⁴³State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
⁴⁴STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
⁴⁵Okayama University, Department of Physics, Okayama, Japan
⁴⁶Osaka Metropolitan University, Department of Physics, Osaka, Japan
⁴⁷Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford, United Kingdom
⁴⁸University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
⁴⁹University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
⁵⁰University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York, USA
⁵¹Royal Holloway University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
⁵²RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany
⁵³School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
⁵⁴Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
⁵⁵University of Sheffield, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Sheffield, United Kingdom
⁵⁶University of Silesia, Institute of Physics, Katowice, Poland
⁵⁷SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
⁵⁸Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Paris, France
⁵⁹South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
⁶⁰University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
⁶¹University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
⁶²University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Kashiwa, Japan
⁶³Institute of Science Tokyo, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
⁶⁴Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
⁶⁵Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Noda, Chiba, Japan
⁶⁶TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
⁶⁷University of Toyama, Department of Physics, Toyama, Japan
⁶⁸University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw, Poland
⁶⁹Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw, Poland
⁷⁰Tohoku University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Miyagi, Japan
⁷¹University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom
⁷²Wroclaw University, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw, Poland
⁷³Yokohama National University, Department of Physics, Yokohama, Japan
⁷⁴York University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

^*Also at Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
^†Also at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
^‡Also at J-PARC, Tokai, Japan.
^§Also at Kavli IPMU (WPI), the University of Tokyo, Japan.
^∥Also at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow region, Russia and National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI,” Moscow, Russia.
^¶Also at IPSA-DRII, France.
^**Also at JINR, Dubna, Russia.
^††Also at the Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
^‡‡Also at Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka-shi, Japan.
^§§Also at BMCC/CUNY, Science Department, New York, New York, USA.

PDF

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 261801 – Published 29 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gh5j-5cwv

Abstract

We have made improved measurements of three-flavor neutrino mixing with $19.7 (16.3) \times 10^{20}$ protons on target in (anti-)neutrino-enhanced beam modes. A new sample of muon-neutrino events with tagged pions has been added at the far detector, as well as new proton and photon-tagged samples at the near detector. Significant improvements have been made to the flux and neutrino interaction modeling. T2K data continue to prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of $\sin^{2} θ_{23}$ with a near-maximal value of the charge-parity violating phase with best-fit values in the normal ordering of $δ_{CP} = - {2.18}_{- 0.47}^{+ 1.22}$ , $\sin^{2} θ_{23} = {0.559}_{- 0.078}^{+ 0.018}$ and $Δ m_{32}^{2} = ({+ 2.506}_{- 0.052}^{+ 0.039}) \times 10^{- 3} {eV}^{2}$ .

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (68)

K. Abe et al. (The T2K Collaboration), The T2K experiment, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 659, 106 (2011).
K. Abe et al. (The T2K Collaboration), Measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters from the T2K experiment using $3.6 \times 10^{21}$ protons on target, Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 782 (2023).
M. A. Acero et al. (NOvA Collaboration), Improved measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters by the NOvA experiment, Phys. Rev. D 106, 032004 (2022).
K. Abe et al. (Hyper-Kamiokande Collaboration), Hyper-Kamiokande design report, arXiv:1805.04163.
B. Abi et al. (DUNE Collaboration), Deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE), far detector technical design report, volume II: DUNE physics, arXiv:2002.03005.
K. Abe et al., Measurements of the T2K neutrino beam properties using the INGRID on-axis near detector, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 694, 211 (2012).
S. Fukuda et al., The Super-Kamiokande detector, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 501, 418 (2003).
C. Ahdida et al., New capabilities of the FLUKA multi-purpose code, Front. Phys. 9, 788253 (2022).
G. Battistoni et al., Overview of the FLUKA code, Ann. Nucl. Energy 82, 10 (2015).
R. Brun, F. Bruyant, F. Carminati, S. Giani, M. Maire, A. McPherson, G. Patrick, and L. Urban, GEANT Detector Description and Simulation Tool (1994), 10.17181/CERN.MUHF.DMJ1.
N. Abgrall et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration), Measurements of $π^{\pm}$ , $K^{\pm}$ , $K_{S}^{0}$ , $Λ$ and proton production in proton–carbon interactions at $31 GeV / c$ with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS, Eur. Phys. J. C 76, 84 (2016).
N. Abgrall et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration), Measurements of $π^{\pm}$ differential yields from the surface of the T2K replica target for incoming $31 GeV / c$ protons with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS, Eur. Phys. J. C 76, 617 (2016).
N. Abgrall et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration), Measurements of $π^{\pm}$ , $K^{\pm}$ and proton double differential yields from the surface of the T2K replica target for incoming $31 GeV / c$ protons with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS, Eur. Phys. J. C 79, 100 (2019).
K. Abe et al. (The T2K Collaboration), T2K neutrino flux prediction, Phys. Rev. D 87, 012001 (2013); K. Abe et al. (The T2K Collaboration)Phys. Rev. D87, 019902(A) (2013).
Y. Hayato and L. Pickering, The NEUT neutrino interaction simulation program library, Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 230, 4469 (2021).
T. Golan, J. Sobczyk, and J. Żmuda, Nuwro: The Wrocław Monte Carlo generator of neutrino interactions, Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl. 229–232, 499 (2012).
C. Juszczak, Running NuWro, Acta Phys. Pol. B 40, 2507 (2009).
A. M. Ankowski, O. Benhar, and M. Sakuda, Improving the accuracy of neutrino energy reconstruction in charged-current quasielastic scattering off nuclear targets, Phys. Rev. D 91, 033005 (2015).
P. Stowell et al., NUISANCE: A neutrino cross-section generator tuning and comparison framework, J. Instrum. 12, P01016 (2017).
J. Chakrani et al., Parametrized uncertainties in the spectral function model of neutrino charged-current quasielastic interactions for oscillation analyses, Phys. Rev. D 109, 072006 (2024).
O. Benhar and A. Fabrocini, Two nucleon spectral function in infinite nuclear matter, Phys. Rev. C 62, 034304 (2000).
A. Bodek and T. Cai, Removal energies and final state interaction in lepton nucleus scattering, Eur. Phys. J. C 79, 293 (2019).
S. Dolan et al., Electron–nucleus scattering in the NEUT event generator, Phys. Sci. Forum 8, 5 (2023).
D. Rein and L. M. Sehgal, Neutrino excitation of baryon resonances and single pion production, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 133, 79 (1981).
C. Wilkinson, P. Rodrigues, S. Cartwright, L. Thompson, and K. McFarland, Reanalysis of bubble chamber measurements of muon-neutrino induced single pion production, Phys. Rev. D 90, 112017 (2014).
P. Rodrigues, C. Wilkinson, and K. McFarland, Constraining the GENIE model of neutrino-induced single pion production using reanalyzed bubble chamber data, Eur. Phys. J. C 76, 474 (2016).
M. Derrick et al., Study of single-pion production by weak neutral currents in low-energy $ν d$ interactions, Phys. Rev. D 23, 569 (1981).
G. M. Radecky et al., Study of single-pion production by weak charged currents in low-energy $ν d$ interactions, Phys. Rev. D 25, 1161 (1982).
N. J. Baker, A. M. Cnops, P. L. Connolly, S. A. Kahn, M. J. Murtagh, R. B. Palmer, N. P. Samios, and M. Tanaka, Study of the isospin structure of single-pion production in charged-current neutrino interactions, Phys. Rev. D 23, 2495 (1981).
T. Kitagaki et al., Charged-current exclusive pion production in neutrino-deuterium interactions, Phys. Rev. D 34, 2554 (1986).
K. Furuno, A. Suzuki, T. Kitagaki, M. Etou, H. Sagawa, K. B. McConnel Mahn, E. J. Jeon, and M. Sakuda, BNL 7-foot bubble chamber experiment: Neutrino deuterium interactions, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few GeV Region (2003), https://inspirehep.net/literature/629585.
A. A. Aguilar-Arevalo et al. (MiniBooNE Collaboration), Measurement of neutrino-induced charged-current charged pion production cross sections on mineral oil at $E_{ν} \sim 1 GeV$ , Phys. Rev. D 83, 052007 (2011).
A. A. Aguilar-Arevalo et al. (MiniBooNE Collaboration), Measurement of $ν_{μ}$ and ${\bar{ν}}_{μ}$ induced neutral current single $π^{0}$ production cross sections on mineral oil at $E_{ν} \sim O (1 GeV)$ , Phys. Rev. D 81, 013005 (2010).
A. A. Aguilar-Arevalo et al. (MiniBooNE Collaboration), Measurement of $ν_{μ}$ -induced charged-current neutral pion production cross sections on mineral oil at $E_{ν} \in 0.5 - 2.0 GeV$ , Phys. Rev. D 83, 052009 (2011).
B. Eberly et al. (MINERvA Collaboration), Charged pion production in $ν_{μ}$ interactions on hydrocarbon at $⟨ E_{ν} ⟩ = 4.0 GeV$ , Phys. Rev. D 92, 092008 (2015).
T. Le et al. (MINERvA Collaboration), Single neutral pion production by charged-current ${\bar{ν}}_{μ}$ interactions on hydrocarbon at $⟨ E_{ν} ⟩ = 3.6 GeV$ , Phys. Lett. B 749, 130 (2015).
O. Altinok et al. (MINERvA Collaboration), Measurement of $ν_{μ}$ charged-current single $π^{0}$ production on hydrocarbon in the few-GeV region using MINERvA, Phys. Rev. D 96, 072003 (2017).
C. L. McGivern et al. (MINERvA Collaboration), Cross sections for $ν_{μ}$ and ${\bar{ν}}_{μ}$ induced pion production on hydrocarbon in the few-GeV region using MINERvA, Phys. Rev. D 94, 052005 (2016).
K. Abe et al. (T2K Collaboration), Measurement of the muon neutrino charged-current single $π^{+}$ production on hydrocarbon using the T2K off-axis near detector ND280, Phys. Rev. D 101, 012007 (2020).
P. Stowell et al. (MINERvA Collaboration), Tuning the GENIE pion production model with $MINER ν A$ data, Phys. Rev. D 100, 072005 (2019).
A. Bodek, U. K. Yang, and Y. Xu, Inelastic axial and vector structure functions for lepton-nucleon scattering 2021 update, arXiv:2108.09240.
A. Bodek and U. K. Yang, Modeling neutrino and electron scattering cross-sections in the few GeV region with effective LO PDFs, AIP Conf. Proc. 670, 110 (2003).
T. Yang, C. Andreopoulos, H. Gallagher, K. Hoffmann, and P. Kehayias, A hadronization model for few-GeV neutrino interactions, Eur. Phys. J. C 63, 1 (2009).
E. S. Pinzon Guerra et al., Using world charged $π^{\pm} -$ nucleus scattering data to constrain an intranuclear cascade model, Phys. Rev. D 99, 052007 (2019).
K. Niewczas and J. T. Sobczyk, Nuclear transparency in monte carlo neutrino event generators, Phys. Rev. C 100, 015505 (2019).
N. Abgrall et al. (T2K ND280 TPC Collaboration), Time projection chambers for the T2K near detectors, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 637, 25 (2011).
P. A. Amaudruz et al. (T2K ND280 FGD Collaboration), The T2K fine-grained detectors, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 696, 1 (2012).
K. Abe et al. (The T2K Collaboration), Measurement of neutrino and antineutrino oscillations by the T2K experiment including a new additional sample of $ν_{e}$ interactions at the far detector, Phys. Rev. D 96, 092006 (2017).
J. S. Conway, Incorporating nuisance parameters in likelihoods for multisource spectra, in PHYSTAT 2011 (2011), pp. 115–120, , 10.5170/CERN-2011-006.115.
P. A. Zyla et al. (Particle Data Group), Review of particle physics, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2020, 083C01 (2020), and (2021) update.
Y. Abe et al. (Double Chooz Collaboration), Improved measurements of the neutrino mixing angle $θ_{13}$ with the double chooz detector, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2014) 086; 02 (2015) 74.
G. Bak et al. (RENO Collaboration), Measurement of reactor antineutrino oscillation amplitude and frequency at reno, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 201801 (2018).
D. Adey et al. (Daya Bay Collaboration), Measurement of the electron antineutrino oscillation with 1958 days of operation at Daya Bay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 241805 (2018).
K. Abe et al. (T2K Collaboration), Testing T2K’s Bayesian constraints with priors in alternate parameterisations, arXiv:2507.02101.
N. Metropolis, A. W. Rosenbluth, M. N. Rosenbluth, A. H. Teller, and E. Teller, Equation of state calculations by fast computing machines, J. Chem. Phys. 21, 1087 (1970).
W. K. Hastings, Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications, Biometrika 57, 97 (1970).
G. J. Feldman and R. D. Cousins, A unified approach to the classical statistical analysis of small signals, Phys. Rev. D 57, 3873 (1998).
A. Gelman, X.-L. Meng, and H. Stern, Posterior predictive assessment of model fitness via realized discrepancies, Statistica Sinica 6, 733 (1996).
A. Gelman, Y. Goegebeur, F. Tuerlinckx, and I. V. Mechelen, Diagnostic checks for discrete data regression models using posterior predictive simulations, Appl. Stat. 49, 247 (2000).
A. Gelman, Understanding posterior p-values, Electron. J. Stat. 7, 2595 (2013).
A. E. Bayer and U. Seljak, The look-elsewhere effect from a unified Bayesian and frequentist perspective, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 10 (2020) 009.
M. Martini, M. Ericson, G. Chanfray, and J. Marteau, A unified approach for nucleon knock-out, coherent and incoherent pion production in neutrino interactions with nuclei, Phys. Rev. C 80, 065501 (2009).
M. Martini and M. Ericson, Inclusive and pion production neutrino-nucleus cross sections, Phys. Rev. C 90, 025501 (2014).
N. Jachowicz, K. Heyde, J. Ryckebusch, and S. Rombouts, Continuum random phase approximation approach to charged current neutrino nucleus scattering, Phys. Rev. C 65, 025501 (2002).
V. Pandey, N. Jachowicz, T. Van Cuyck, J. Ryckebusch, and M. Martini, Low-energy excitations and quasielastic contribution to electron-nucleus and neutrino-nucleus scattering in the continuum random-phase approximation, Phys. Rev. C 92, 024606 (2015).
C. Jarlskog, Commutator of the quark mass matrices in the standard electroweak model and a measure of maximal CP nonconservation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1039 (1985).
P. I. Krastev and S. T. Petcov, Resonance amplification and T-violation effects in three neutrino oscillations in the earth, Phys. Lett. B 205, 84 (1988).
K. Abe et al. (The T2K Collaboration), Markov chain Monte Carlo chain release for “results from the T2K experiment on neutrino mixing including a new far detector muon-like sample,” 10.5281/zenodo.17312780 (2025).

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 261801– Published 29 December, 2025

Vol. 135, Iss. 26 — 31 December 2025

Received 12 June 2025
Accepted 26 November 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gh5j-5cwv

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

Published by the American Physical Society

Physical Review Letters

Reuse & Permissions

Export citation

Export citation

Results from the T2K Experiment on Neutrino Mixing Including a New Far Detector $μ$ -like Sample

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (68)

Outline

Information

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation

Results from the T2K Experiment on Neutrino Mixing Including a New Far Detector μ-like Sample

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (68)

Results from the T2K Experiment on Neutrino Mixing Including a New Far Detector $μ$ -like Sample