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    Fermi-LAT Galactic Center Excess Morphology of Dark Matter in Simulations of the Milky Way Galaxy

    Moorits Mihkel Muru*

    Joseph Silk

    Noam I. Libeskind and Stefan Gottlöber

    Yehuda Hoffman

    • *Contact author: mmuru@aip.de

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 161005 – Published 16 October, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/g9qz-h8wd

    Abstract

    The strongest experimental evidence for dark matter is the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess observed by the Fermi telescope and even predicted prior to discovery as a potential dark matter signature via weakly interacting massive particle dark matter self-annihilations. However, an equally compelling explanation of the excess gamma-ray flux refers to a population of old millisecond pulsars that also accounts for the observed boxy morphology inferred from the bulge old star population. We employ a set of Milky Way-like galaxies found in the hestia constrained simulations of the local universe to explore the rich morphology of the central dark matter distribution, motivated by the GAIA discovery of a vigorous early merging history of the Milky Way galaxy. We predict a significantly nonspherical gamma-ray morphology from the weakly interacting massive particle interpretation. Future experiments, such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array, that extend to higher energies, should distinguish between the competing interpretations.

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