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    Effects of Landau Level Mixing on Various Fractional Quantum Hall States in Trilayer Graphene

    Simrandeep Kaur1, Harsimran Singh1, Kenji Watanabe2, Takashi Taniguchi3, Unmesh Ghorai4, Manish Jain1, Rajdeep Sensarma4, and Aveek Bid1,*

    • *Contact author: aveek@iisc.ac.in

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 206501 – Published 12 November, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/frpm-3fs8

    Abstract

    We present a detailed experimental study of the effect of Landau level mixing on various fractional quantum Hall states (FQHs) about half filling in a multiband system, namely, Bernal stacked trilayer graphene (TLG). In pristine TLG, the excitation energy gaps, Landé g factor, effective mass, and disorder broadening of the odd-denominator FQHs are identical to their hole-conjugate counterpart. This precise particle-hole symmetry (PHS) stems from the lattice mirror symmetry that precludes Landau level mixing. Introducing a nonzero displacement field D disrupts this mirror symmetry, facilitating the hybridization between the monolayerlike and bilayerlike Landau levels. This interband coupling enhances the Landau level mixing factor η and activates three-body interactions—both of which explicitly break the PHS of FQHs. As a result, various conventional FQHs are completely destabilized, offering a route to explore such mixing effects on FQHs in a controlled way. We establish that the PHS breaking in TLG is of extrinsic origin and is fundamentally distinct from the intrinsic, interaction-driven symmetry breaking observed in the lowest Landau levels of single-layer and bilayer graphene.

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