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Finding the Ultranarrow P32→P30 Electric Quadrupole Transition in Ni12+ Ion for an Optical Clock

Charles Cheung1, Sergey G. Porsev1, Dmytro Filin1, Marianna S. Safronova1, Malte Wehrheim2,*, Lukas J. Spieß2, Shuying Chen2, Alexander Wilzewski2, José R. Crespo López-Urrutia3 et al.

Piet O. Schmidt2,4,†

  • *Contact author: malte.wehrheim@quantummetrology.de
  • †Contact author: piet.schmidt@quantummetrology.de

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 093002 – Published 28 August, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/flwf-c2m1

Abstract

The Ni12+ ion features an electronic transition with a natural width of only 8 mHz, allowing for a highly stable optical clock. We predict that the energy of this strongly forbidden 3s23p4 P32→3s23p4 P30 electric quadrupole transition is 20 081(10)  cm−1. For this, we use both a hybrid approach combining configuration interaction with a coupled-cluster method and a pure configuration interaction calculation for the complete 16-electron system, ensuring convergence. The resulting very small theoretical uncertainty of only 0.05% allowed us to find the transition experimentally in a few hours, yielding an energy of 20 078.984(10)  cm−1. This level of agreement for a 16-electron system is unprecedented and qualifies our method for future calculations of many other complex atomic systems. While paving the way for a high-precision optical clock based on Ni12+, our theory and code development will also enable better predictions for other highly charged ions and other complex atomic systems.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Corrections

20 February, 2026

Correction: In the section entitled “Experiment: Finding the clock transition,” first paragraph, second sentence, the isotope name has been fixed to read Ni12+58.

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