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    Self-Dual Higgs Transitions: Toric Code and Beyond

    Wenjie Ji (纪文杰)1,2, Ryan A. Lanzetta1, Zheng Zhou (周正)1,3, and Chong Wang (王翀)1,*

    • *Contact author: cwang4@pitp.ca

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 086505 – Published 20 August, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/flfk-m8lj

    Abstract

    The toric code, when deformed in a way that preserves the self-duality Z2 symmetry exchanging the electric and magnetic excitations, admits a transition to a topologically trivial state that spontaneously breaks the Z2 symmetry. Numerically, this transition was found to be continuous, which makes it particularly enigmatic given the longstanding absence of a continuum field-theoretic description. In this Letter we propose such a continuum field theory for the transition dubbed the SO(4)2,−2 Chern-Simons-Higgs (CSH) theory. We show that our field theory provides a natural “mean-field” understanding of the phase diagram. Moreover, it can be generalized to an entire series of theories, namely the SO(4)k,−k CSH theories, labeled by an integer k. For each k>2, the theory describes an analogous transition involving different non-Abelian topological orders, such as the double Fibonacci order (k=3) and the S3 quantum double (k=4). For k=1, we conjecture that the corresponding CSH transition is in fact infrared dual to the 3d Ising transition, in close analogy with the particle-vortex duality of a complex scalar.

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