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    Ferroelectrically Switchable Anomalous Hall Conductivity and Nonlinear Drude Conductivity in Multiferroics

    Xinran Liu1, Hong Jian Zhao1,2,3,*, Laurent Bellaiche4,5, and Yanming Ma6,1

    • 1Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
    • 2Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
    • 3International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
    • 4Smart Functional Materials Center, Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
    • 5Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
    • 6School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

    • *Contact author: physzhaohj@jlu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 216801 – Published 17 November, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fg6w-c6fd

    Abstract

    Ferroelectric polarization can be harnessed to record binary data in a nonvolatile manner, where the electric field switching of polarization offers a possibility for an energy-efficient data writing process. The detection of ferroelectric polarization—associated with the data readout process—is achievable in ferroelectric or multiferroic tunnel junctions. In single-phase multiferroics, it is anticipated that ferroelectric polarization may be detected by measuring anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) or nonlinear Drude conductivity (NDC) that is intrinsically hosted by the material and is ferroelectrically switchable. Yet, selection rules for the identification of such multiferroics are lacking. Here, we use a group-theory-based approach to established a theory on ferroelectrically switchable AHC and NDC in multiferroics. We further work with polar magnetic point groups (MPGs) and provide a symmetry classification of these MPGs with respect to ferroelectrically switchable AHC or NDC. We identify various multiferroic materials (including multiferroic altermagnets) that exhibit the aforementioned intriguing AHC or NDC, and confirm by first-principles simulations that YMnO3 and LuFeO3 showcase ferroelectrically switchable NDC and AHC, respectively. Our Letter opens a door for developing multiferroic memory devices based on AHC or NDC transport phenomena.

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