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    Realistic Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill Stabilizer States Enable Universal Quantum Computation

    Fariba Hosseinynejad1, Pavithran Iyer2, Guillaume Dauphinais2, and David L. Feder1,*

    • *Contact author: dfeder@ucalgary.ca

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 150602 – Published 14 April, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ffln-vd4x

    Abstract

    Physical Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states are inherently noisy as ideal ones would require infinite energy. While this is typically considered as a deficiency to be actively corrected, this Letter demonstrates that imperfect GKP stabilizer states can be leveraged in order to apply non-Clifford gates using only linear optical elements. In particular, Gaussian operations on normalizable GKP states, combined with homodyne measurements, permit two key primitives: clean projection onto Pauli eigenstates in the normalizable GKP code space, thereby implementing Clifford gates with high fidelity; and probabilistic projection of unmeasured modes onto non-Pauli eigenstates. These results demonstrate that normalizable GKP stabilizer states combined with Gaussian operations provide a practical framework for computational universality within the measurement-based model of quantum computation in a realistic continuous-variable setting.

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