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    Constraining the Synthesis of the Lightest p Nucleus Se74

    A. Tsantiri1,2,3,*,†,††, A. Spyrou1,2,‡, E. C. Good1,§, K. Bosmpotinis1,2, P. Giuliani1, H. Arora4, G. Balk5, L. Balliet1,2, H. C. Berg1,2 et al.

    J. M. Berkman1,6, C. Dembski7, P. DeYoung5, Pavel A. Denissenkov8,9,3,††,‡‡, N. Dimitrakopoulos4, A. Doetsch1,2, T. Gaballah10, R. Garg1, A. Henriques1, R. Jain1,2,∥, S. N. Liddick1,6, S. Lyons11, R. S. Lubna1, B. Monteagudo Godoy5, F. Montes1, S. Nash1, G. U. Ogudoro5, J. Owens-Fryar1,2, A. Palmisano-Kyle12, J. Pereira1, A. Psaltis13,14,3,††, A. L. Richard15,1, L. Roberti16,17,18,19,3,††, E. K. Ronning1,6, H. Schatz1,2, A. Sebastian1,2, M. Smith1,2, M. K. Smith1, C. S. Sumithrarachchi1, C. Tinson1,2, P. Tsintari4,¶, N. Tubaro1,2,**, S. Uthayakumaar1, A. C. C. Villari1, E. Weissling5, and R. G. T. Zegers1,2

    • *Contact author: artemis.tsantiri@uregina.ca
    • †Present address: Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada.
    • ‡Contact author: spyrou@frib.msu.edu
    • §Present address: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
    • ∥Present address: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA.
    • Present address: Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
    • **Present address: Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
    • ††http://nugridstars.org
    • ‡‡https://canpan.ca

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 212701 – Published 20 November, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/d7dr-h36j

    Abstract

    We provide the first experimental cross section of the As73(p,γ)Se74 reaction to constrain one of the main destruction mechanisms of the p nucleus Se74 in explosive stellar environments. The measurement was done using a radioactive As73 beam at effective center-of-mass energies of 2.9 and 2.3  MeV/nucleon. Along with the total cross-section measurement, statistical properties of the Se74 compound nucleus were extracted, constraining the reaction cross section in the upper Gamow window of the γ process. The impact of the experimentally constrained reaction rate on Se74 production in Type II supernovae was investigated through Monte Carlo one-zone network simulations. The results indicate that the overproduction of Se74 by Type II supernova models cannot be resolved by nuclear physics alone and point toward the need for a more detailed understanding of the astrophysical conditions of relevance for the γ process.

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