Dressed-State Hamiltonian Engineering in a Strongly Interacting Solid-State Spin Ensemble

Haoyang Gao; Nathaniel T. Leitao; Siddharth Dandavate; Lillian B. Hughes Wyatt; Piotr Put; Mathew Mammen; Leigh S. Martin; Hongkun Park; Ania C. Bleszynski Jayich; Mikhail D. Lukin

doi:10.1103/d1kx-hy93

Dressed-State Hamiltonian Engineering in a Strongly Interacting Solid-State Spin Ensemble

Haoyang Gao ¹, Nathaniel T. Leitao ¹, Siddharth Dandavate¹, Lillian B. Hughes Wyatt ^2,3, Piotr Put ¹, Mathew Mammen ⁴, Leigh S. Martin ¹, Hongkun Park ^1,5, Ania C. Bleszynski Jayich ⁶ et al.

Mikhail D. Lukin ^1,*

¹Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
²Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
³Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
⁴Harvard Quantum Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
⁵Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
⁶Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA

^*Contact author: lukin@physics.harvard.edu

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 200802 – Published 22 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/d1kx-hy93

Abstract

In quantum science applications, ranging from many-body physics to quantum metrology, dipolar interactions in spin ensembles are often controlled via Floquet engineering. However, this technique typically reduces the interaction strength between spins and effectively weakens the coupling to a target sensing field, limiting the metrological sensitivity. In this Letter, we develop and demonstrate an alternative method that directly tunes the native dipolar interaction in an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, thereby overcoming these limitations inherent to Floquet engineering. Our approach utilizes dressed-state qubit encoding under a bias magnetic field applied perpendicular to the crystal lattice orientation. This method leads to a $3.2 \times$ enhancement of the dimensionless coherence parameter $J T_{2}$ compared to state-of-the-art Floquet engineering and a $2.6 \times$ (8.3 dB) enhanced sensitivity in ac magnetometry. Our results provide a powerful Hamiltonian engineering tool for future studies with NV ensembles and other interacting higher-spin ( $S > \frac{1}{2}$ ) systems.

Physical Review Letters

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Dressed-State Hamiltonian Engineering in a Strongly Interacting Solid-State Spin Ensemble

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Dressed-State Hamiltonian Engineering in a Strongly Interacting Solid-State Spin Ensemble

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