QCD Analysis of the Mass Structure of the Nucleon

From the deep-inelastic momentum sum rule and the trace anomaly of the QCD energy-momentum tensor, I derive a separation of the nucleon mass into contributions of the quark and gluon kinetic and potential energies, quark masses, and the trace anomaly. The separation is done in the rest frame of the nucleon and at the [modified minimal subtraction scheme ($\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$)] renormalization scale 1 Ge${\mathrm{V}}^2$.