- Featured in Physics
- Milestone
- Free to Read
Broken Symmetry and the Mass of Gauge Vector Mesons
Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 321 – Published 31 August, 1964
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.321
Collections
This article appears in the following collection:

Letters from the Past - A PRL Retrospective
2008 marked PRL’s 50th anniversary. As part of the celebrations a collection of milestone Letters was started. The collection contains Letters that have made long-lived contributions to physics, either by announcing significant discoveries, or by initiating new areas of research.
Focus
Nobel Prize—Why Particles Have Mass
Published 11 October, 2013
The 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to two of the theorists who formulated the Higgs mechanism, which gives mass to fundamental particles.
See more in Physics
References (12)
- J. Schwinger, Phys. Rev. 125, 397 (1962)
- C. N. Yang and R. L. Mills, Phys. Rev. 96, 191 (1954)
- J. J. Sakurai, Ann. Phys. (N. Y.) 11, 1 (1960)
- Y. Nambu, Phys. Rev. Letters 4, 380 (1960)
- Y. Nambu and G. Jona-Lasinio, Phys. Rev. 122, 345 (1961)
- "Broken symmetry" in the Proceedings of the Seminar on Unified Theories of Elementary Particles, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 1963 (unpublished)
- J. Goldstone, A. Salam, and S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. 127, 965 (1962)
- S. A. Bludman and A. Klein, Phys. Rev. 131, 2364 (1963)
- A. Klein, [6]
- R. Utiyama, Phys. Rev. 101, 1597 (1956)
- K. A. Johnson, [6]
- K. A. Johnson, [6]