Open Access

Measurement of $C P$ Violation in $B^{0} \to D^{+} D^{-}$ Decays

R. Aaij⁴⁰, B. Adeva³⁹, M. Adinolfi⁴⁸, Z. Ajaltouni⁵, S. Akar⁶, J. Albrecht¹⁰, F. Alessio⁴⁰, M. Alexander⁵³, S. Ali⁴³ et al. (LHCb Collaboration)

S. Ali⁴³, G. Alkhazov³¹, P. Alvarez Cartelle⁵⁵, A. A. Alves, Jr⁵⁹, S. Amato², S. Amerio²³, Y. Amhis⁷, L. An⁴¹, L. Anderlini¹⁸, G. Andreassi⁴¹, M. Andreotti^17,a, J. E. Andrews⁶⁰, R. B. Appleby⁵⁶, F. Archilli⁴³, P. d’Argent¹², J. Arnau Romeu⁶, A. Artamonov³⁷, M. Artuso⁶¹, E. Aslanides⁶, G. Auriemma²⁶, M. Baalouch⁵, I. Babuschkin⁵⁶, S. Bachmann¹², J. J. Back⁵⁰, A. Badalov³⁸, C. Baesso⁶², S. Baker⁵⁵, W. Baldini¹⁷, R. J. Barlow⁵⁶, C. Barschel⁴⁰, S. Barsuk⁷, W. Barter⁴⁰, M. Baszczyk²⁷, V. Batozskaya²⁹, B. Batsukh⁶¹, V. Battista⁴¹, A. Bay⁴¹, L. Beaucourt⁴, J. Beddow⁵³, F. Bedeschi²⁴, I. Bediaga¹, L. J. Bel⁴³, V. Bellee⁴¹, N. Belloli^21,b, K. Belous³⁷, I. Belyaev³², E. Ben-Haim⁸, G. Bencivenni¹⁹, S. Benson⁴³, J. Benton⁴⁸, A. Berezhnoy³³, R. Bernet⁴², A. Bertolin²³, F. Betti¹⁵, M.-O. Bettler⁴⁰, M. van Beuzekom⁴³, Ia. Bezshyiko⁴², S. Bifani⁴⁷, P. Billoir⁸, T. Bird⁵⁶, A. Birnkraut¹⁰, A. Bitadze⁵⁶, A. Bizzeti^18,c, T. Blake⁵⁰, F. Blanc⁴¹, J. Blouw¹¹, S. Blusk⁶¹, V. Bocci²⁶, T. Boettcher⁵⁸, A. Bondar^36,d, N. Bondar^31,40, W. Bonivento¹⁶, A. Borgheresi^21,b, S. Borghi⁵⁶, M. Borisyak³⁵, M. Borsato³⁹, F. Bossu⁷, M. Boubdir⁹, T. J. V. Bowcock⁵⁴, E. Bowen⁴², C. Bozzi^17,40, S. Braun¹², M. Britsch¹², T. Britton⁶¹, J. Brodzicka⁵⁶, E. Buchanan⁴⁸, C. Burr⁵⁶, A. Bursche², J. Buytaert⁴⁰, S. Cadeddu¹⁶, R. Calabrese^17,a, M. Calvi^21,b, M. Calvo Gomez^38,e, A. Camboni³⁸, P. Campana¹⁹, D. Campora Perez⁴⁰, D. H. Campora Perez⁴⁰, L. Capriotti⁵⁶, A. Carbone^15,f, G. Carboni^25,g, R. Cardinale^20,h, A. Cardini¹⁶, P. Carniti^21,b, L. Carson⁵², K. Carvalho Akiba², G. Casse⁵⁴, L. Cassina^21,b, L. Castillo Garcia⁴¹, M. Cattaneo⁴⁰, Ch. Cauet¹⁰, G. Cavallero²⁰, R. Cenci^24,i, M. Charles⁸, Ph. Charpentier⁴⁰, G. Chatzikonstantinidis⁴⁷, M. Chefdeville⁴, S. Chen⁵⁶, S.-F. Cheung⁵⁷, V. Chobanova³⁹, M. Chrzaszcz^42,27, X. Cid Vidal³⁹, G. Ciezarek⁴³, P. E. L. Clarke⁵², M. Clemencic⁴⁰, H. V. Cliff⁴⁹, J. Closier⁴⁰, V. Coco⁵⁹, J. Cogan⁶, E. Cogneras⁵, V. Cogoni^16,40,j, L. Cojocariu³⁰, G. Collazuol^23,k, P. Collins⁴⁰, A. Comerma-Montells¹², A. Contu⁴⁰, A. Cook⁴⁸, G. Coombs⁴⁰, S. Coquereau³⁸, G. Corti⁴⁰, M. Corvo^17,a, C. M. Costa Sobral⁵⁰, B. Couturier⁴⁰, G. A. Cowan⁵², D. C. Craik⁵², A. Crocombe⁵⁰, M. Cruz Torres⁶², S. Cunliffe⁵⁵, R. Currie⁵⁵, C. D’Ambrosio⁴⁰, F. Da Cunha Marinho², E. Dall’Occo⁴³, J. Dalseno⁴⁸, P. N. Y. David⁴³, A. Davis⁵⁹, O. De Aguiar Francisco², K. De Bruyn⁶, S. De Capua⁵⁶, M. De Cian¹², J. M. De Miranda¹, L. De Paula², M. De Serio^14,l, P. De Simone¹⁹, C.-T. Dean⁵³, D. Decamp⁴, M. Deckenhoff¹⁰, L. Del Buono⁸, M. Demmer¹⁰, D. Derkach³⁵, O. Deschamps⁵, F. Dettori⁴⁰, B. Dey²², A. Di Canto⁴⁰, H. Dijkstra⁴⁰, F. Dordei⁴⁰, M. Dorigo⁴¹, A. Dosil Suárez³⁹, A. Dovbnya⁴⁵, K. Dreimanis⁵⁴, L. Dufour⁴³, G. Dujany⁵⁶, K. Dungs⁴⁰, P. Durante⁴⁰, R. Dzhelyadin³⁷, A. Dziurda⁴⁰, A. Dzyuba³¹, N. Déléage⁴, S. Easo⁵¹, M. Ebert⁵², U. Egede⁵⁵, V. Egorychev³², S. Eidelman^36,d, S. Eisenhardt⁵², U. Eitschberger¹⁰, R. Ekelhof¹⁰, L. Eklund⁵³, Ch. Elsasser⁴², S. Ely⁶¹, S. Esen¹², H. M. Evans⁴⁹, T. Evans⁵⁷, A. Falabella¹⁵, N. Farley⁴⁷, S. Farry⁵⁴, R. Fay⁵⁴, D. Fazzini^21,b, D. Ferguson⁵², V. Fernandez Albor³⁹, A. Fernandez Prieto³⁹, F. Ferrari^15,40, F. Ferreira Rodrigues¹, M. Ferro-Luzzi⁴⁰, S. Filippov³⁴, R. A. Fini¹⁴, M. Fiore^17,a, M. Fiorini^17,a, M. Firlej²⁸, C. Fitzpatrick⁴¹, T. Fiutowski²⁸, F. Fleuret^7,m, K. Fohl⁴⁰, M. Fontana^16,40, F. Fontanelli^20,h, D. C. Forshaw⁶¹, R. Forty⁴⁰, V. Franco Lima⁵⁴, M. Frank⁴⁰, C. Frei⁴⁰, J. Fu^22,n, E. Furfaro^25,g, C. Färber⁴⁰, A. Gallas Torreira³⁹, D. Galli^15,f, S. Gallorini²³, S. Gambetta⁵², M. Gandelman², P. Gandini⁵⁷, Y. Gao³, L. M. Garcia Martin⁶⁸, J. García Pardiñas³⁹, J. Garra Tico⁴⁹, L. Garrido³⁸, P. J. Garsed⁴⁹, D. Gascon³⁸, C. Gaspar⁴⁰, L. Gavardi¹⁰, G. Gazzoni⁵, D. Gerick¹², E. Gersabeck¹², M. Gersabeck⁵⁶, T. Gershon⁵⁰, Ph. Ghez⁴, S. Gianì⁴¹, V. Gibson⁴⁹, O. G. Girard⁴¹, L. Giubega³⁰, K. Gizdov⁵², V. V. Gligorov⁸, D. Golubkov³², A. Golutvin^55,40, A. Gomes^1,o, I. V. Gorelov³³, C. Gotti^21,b, M. Grabalosa Gándara⁵, R. Graciani Diaz³⁸, L. A. Granado Cardoso⁴⁰, E. Graugés³⁸, E. Graverini⁴², G. Graziani¹⁸, A. Grecu³⁰, P. Griffith⁴⁷, L. Grillo^21,40,b, B. R. Gruberg Cazon⁵⁷, O. Grünberg⁶⁶, E. Gushchin³⁴, Yu. Guz³⁷, T. Gys⁴⁰, C. Göbel⁶², T. Hadavizadeh⁵⁷, C. Hadjivasiliou⁵, G. Haefeli⁴¹, C. Haen⁴⁰, S. C. Haines⁴⁹, S. Hall⁵⁵, B. Hamilton⁶⁰, X. Han¹², S. Hansmann-Menzemer¹², N. Harnew⁵⁷, S. T. Harnew⁴⁸, J. Harrison⁵⁶, M. Hatch⁴⁰, J. He⁶³, T. Head⁴¹, A. Heister⁹, K. Hennessy⁵⁴, P. Henrard⁵, L. Henry⁸, J. A. Hernando Morata³⁹, E. van Herwijnen⁴⁰, M. Heß⁶⁶, A. Hicheur², D. Hill⁵⁷, C. Hombach⁵⁶, H. Hopchev⁴¹, W. Hulsbergen⁴³, T. Humair⁵⁵, M. Hushchyn³⁵, N. Hussain⁵⁷, D. Hutchcroft⁵⁴, M. Idzik²⁸, P. Ilten⁵⁸, R. Jacobsson⁴⁰, A. Jaeger¹², J. Jalocha⁵⁷, E. Jans⁴³, A. Jawahery⁶⁰, F. Jiang³, M. John⁵⁷, D. Johnson⁴⁰, C. R. Jones⁴⁹, C. Joram⁴⁰, B. Jost⁴⁰, N. Jurik⁶¹, S. Kandybei⁴⁵, W. Kanso⁶, M. Karacson⁴⁰, J. M. Kariuki⁴⁸, S. Karodia⁵³, M. Kecke¹², M. Kelsey⁶¹, I. R. Kenyon⁴⁷, M. Kenzie⁴⁹, T. Ketel⁴⁴, E. Khairullin³⁵, B. Khanji^21,40,b, C. Khurewathanakul⁴¹, T. Kirn⁹, S. Klaver⁵⁶, K. Klimaszewski²⁹, S. Koliiev⁴⁶, M. Kolpin¹², I. Komarov⁴¹, R. F. Koopman⁴⁴, P. Koppenburg⁴³, A. Kosmyntseva³², A. Kozachuk³³, M. Kozeiha⁵, L. Kravchuk³⁴, K. Kreplin¹², M. Kreps⁵⁰, P. Krokovny^36,d, F. Kruse¹⁰, W. Krzemien²⁹, W. Kucewicz^27,p, M. Kucharczyk²⁷, V. Kudryavtsev^36,d, A. K. Kuonen⁴¹, K. Kurek²⁹, T. Kvaratskheliya^32,40, D. Lacarrere⁴⁰, G. Lafferty⁵⁶, A. Lai¹⁶, D. Lambert⁵², G. Lanfranchi¹⁹, C. Langenbruch⁹, T. Latham⁵⁰, C. Lazzeroni⁴⁷, R. Le Gac⁶, J. van Leerdam⁴³, J.-P. Lees⁴, A. Leflat^33,40, J. Lefrançois⁷, R. Lefèvre⁵, F. Lemaitre⁴⁰, E. Lemos Cid³⁹, O. Leroy⁶, T. Lesiak²⁷, B. Leverington¹², Y. Li⁷, T. Likhomanenko^35,67, R. Lindner⁴⁰, C. Linn⁴⁰, F. Lionetto⁴², B. Liu¹⁶, X. Liu³, D. Loh⁵⁰, I. Longstaff⁵³, J. H. Lopes², D. Lucchesi^23,k, M. Lucio Martinez³⁹, H. Luo⁵², A. Lupato²³, E. Luppi^17,a, O. Lupton⁵⁷, A. Lusiani²⁴, X. Lyu⁶³, F. Machefert⁷, F. Maciuc³⁰, O. Maev³¹, K. Maguire⁵⁶, S. Malde⁵⁷, A. Malinin⁶⁷, T. Maltsev³⁶, G. Manca⁷, G. Mancinelli⁶, P. Manning⁶¹, J. Maratas^5,q, J. F. Marchand⁴, U. Marconi¹⁵, C. Marin Benito³⁸, P. Marino^24,i, J. Marks¹², G. Martellotti²⁶, M. Martin⁶, M. Martinelli⁴¹, D. Martinez Santos³⁹, F. Martinez Vidal⁶⁸, D. Martins Tostes², L. M. Massacrier⁷, A. Massafferri¹, R. Matev⁴⁰, A. Mathad⁵⁰, Z. Mathe⁴⁰, C. Matteuzzi²¹, A. Mauri⁴², B. Maurin⁴¹, A. Mazurov⁴⁷, M. McCann⁵⁵, J. McCarthy⁴⁷, A. McNab⁵⁶, R. McNulty¹³, B. Meadows⁵⁹, F. Meier¹⁰, M. Meissner¹², D. Melnychuk²⁹, M. Merk⁴³, A. Merli^22,n, E. Michielin²³, D. A. Milanes⁶⁵, M.-N. Minard⁴, D. S. Mitzel¹², A. Mogini⁸, J. Molina Rodriguez⁶², I. A. Monroy⁶⁵, S. Monteil⁵, M. Morandin²³, P. Morawski²⁸, A. Mordà⁶, M. J. Morello^24,i, J. Moron²⁸, A. B. Morris⁵², R. Mountain⁶¹, F. Muheim⁵², M. Mulder⁴³, M. Mussini¹⁵, D. Müller⁵⁶, J. Müller¹⁰, K. Müller⁴², V. Müller¹⁰, P. Naik⁴⁸, T. Nakada⁴¹, R. Nandakumar⁵¹, A. Nandi⁵⁷, I. Nasteva², M. Needham⁵², N. Neri²², S. Neubert¹², N. Neufeld⁴⁰, M. Neuner¹², A. D. Nguyen⁴¹, T. D. Nguyen⁴¹, C. Nguyen-Mau^41,r, S. Nieswand⁹, R. Niet¹⁰, N. Nikitin³³, T. Nikodem¹², A. Novoselov³⁷, D. P. O’Hanlon⁵⁰, A. Oblakowska-Mucha²⁸, V. Obraztsov³⁷, S. Ogilvy¹⁹, R. Oldeman⁴⁹, C. J. G. Onderwater⁶⁹, J. M. Otalora Goicochea², A. Otto⁴⁰, P. Owen⁴², A. Oyanguren⁶⁸, P. R. Pais⁴¹, A. Palano^14,l, F. Palombo^22,n, M. Palutan¹⁹, J. Panman⁴⁰, A. Papanestis⁵¹, M. Pappagallo^14,l, L. L. Pappalardo^17,a, W. Parker⁶⁰, C. Parkes⁵⁶, G. Passaleva¹⁸, A. Pastore^14,l, G. D. Patel⁵⁴, M. Patel⁵⁵, C. Patrignani^15,f, A. Pearce^56,51, A. Pellegrino⁴³, G. Penso²⁶, M. Pepe Altarelli⁴⁰, S. Perazzini⁴⁰, P. Perret⁵, L. Pescatore⁴⁷, K. Petridis⁴⁸, A. Petrolini^20,h, A. Petrov⁶⁷, M. Petruzzo^22,n, E. Picatoste Olloqui³⁸, B. Pietrzyk⁴, M. Pikies²⁷, D. Pinci²⁶, A. Pistone²⁰, A. Piucci¹², S. Playfer⁵², M. Plo Casasus³⁹, T. Poikela⁴⁰, F. Polci⁸, A. Poluektov^50,36, I. Polyakov⁶¹, E. Polycarpo², G. J. Pomery⁴⁸, A. Popov³⁷, D. Popov^11,40, B. Popovici³⁰, S. Poslavskii³⁷, C. Potterat², E. Price⁴⁸, J. D. Price⁵⁴, J. Prisciandaro³⁹, A. Pritchard⁵⁴, C. Prouve⁴⁸, V. Pugatch⁴⁶, A. Puig Navarro⁴¹, G. Punzi^24,s, W. Qian⁵⁷, R. Quagliani^7,48, B. Rachwal²⁷, J. H. Rademacker⁴⁸, M. Rama²⁴, M. Ramos Pernas³⁹, M. S. Rangel², I. Raniuk⁴⁵, G. Raven⁴⁴, F. Redi⁵⁵, S. Reichert¹⁰, A. C. dos Reis¹, C. Remon Alepuz⁶⁸, V. Renaudin⁷, S. Ricciardi⁵¹, S. Richards⁴⁸, M. Rihl⁴⁰, K. Rinnert⁵⁴, V. Rives Molina³⁸, P. Robbe^7,40, A. B. Rodrigues¹, E. Rodrigues⁵⁹, J. A. Rodriguez Lopez⁶⁵, P. Rodriguez Perez⁵⁶, A. Rogozhnikov³⁵, S. Roiser⁴⁰, A. Rollings⁵⁷, V. Romanovskiy³⁷, A. Romero Vidal³⁹, J. W. Ronayne¹³, M. Rotondo¹⁹, M. S. Rudolph⁶¹, T. Ruf⁴⁰, P. Ruiz Valls⁶⁸, J. J. Saborido Silva³⁹, E. Sadykhov³², N. Sagidova³¹, B. Saitta^16,j, V. Salustino Guimaraes², C. Sanchez Mayordomo⁶⁸, B. Sanmartin Sedes³⁹, R. Santacesaria²⁶, C. Santamarina Rios³⁹, M. Santimaria¹⁹, E. Santovetti^25,g, A. Sarti^19,t, C. Satriano^26,u, A. Satta²⁵, D. M. Saunders⁴⁸, D. Savrina^32,33, S. Schael⁹, M. Schellenberg¹⁰, M. Schiller⁴⁰, H. Schindler⁴⁰, M. Schlupp¹⁰, M. Schmelling¹¹, T. Schmelzer¹⁰, B. Schmidt⁴⁰, O. Schneider⁴¹, A. Schopper⁴⁰, K. Schubert¹⁰, M. Schubiger⁴¹, M.-H. Schune⁷, R. Schwemmer⁴⁰, B. Sciascia¹⁹, A. Sciubba^26,t, A. Semennikov³², A. Sergi⁴⁷, N. Serra⁴², J. Serrano⁶, L. Sestini²³, P. Seyfert²¹, M. Shapkin³⁷, I. Shapoval⁴⁵, Y. Shcheglov³¹, T. Shears⁵⁴, L. Shekhtman^36,d, V. Shevchenko⁶⁷, A. Shires¹⁰, B. G. Siddi^17,40, R. Silva Coutinho⁴², L. Silva de Oliveira², G. Simi^23,k, S. Simone^14,l, M. Sirendi⁴⁹, N. Skidmore⁴⁸, T. Skwarnicki⁶¹, E. Smith⁵⁵, I. T. Smith⁵², J. Smith⁴⁹, M. Smith⁵⁵, H. Snoek⁴³, M. D. Sokoloff⁵⁹, F. J. P. Soler⁵³, B. Souza De Paula², B. Spaan¹⁰, P. Spradlin⁵³, S. Sridharan⁴⁰, F. Stagni⁴⁰, M. Stahl¹², S. Stahl⁴⁰, P. Stefko⁴¹, S. Stefkova⁵⁵, O. Steinkamp⁴², S. Stemmle¹², O. Stenyakin³⁷, S. Stevenson⁵⁷, S. Stoica³⁰, S. Stone⁶¹, B. Storaci⁴², S. Stracka^24,s, M. Straticiuc³⁰, U. Straumann⁴², L. Sun⁵⁹, W. Sutcliffe⁵⁵, K. Swientek²⁸, V. Syropoulos⁴⁴, M. Szczekowski²⁹, T. Szumlak²⁸, S. T’Jampens⁴, A. Tayduganov⁶, T. Tekampe¹⁰, M. Teklishyn⁷, G. Tellarini^17,a, F. Teubert⁴⁰, E. Thomas⁴⁰, J. van Tilburg⁴³, M. J. Tilley⁵⁵, V. Tisserand⁴, M. Tobin⁴¹, S. Tolk⁴⁹, L. Tomassetti^17,a, D. Tonelli⁴⁰, S. Topp-Joergensen⁵⁷, F. Toriello⁶¹, E. Tournefier⁴, S. Tourneur⁴¹, K. Trabelsi⁴¹, M. Traill⁵³, M. T. Tran⁴¹, M. Tresch⁴², A. Trisovic⁴⁰, A. Tsaregorodtsev⁶, P. Tsopelas⁴³, A. Tully⁴⁹, N. Tuning⁴³, A. Ukleja²⁹, A. Ustyuzhanin³⁵, U. Uwer¹², C. Vacca^16,j, V. Vagnoni^15,40, A. Valassi⁴⁰, S. Valat⁴⁰, G. Valenti¹⁵, A. Vallier⁷, R. Vazquez Gomez¹⁹, P. Vazquez Regueiro³⁹, S. Vecchi¹⁷, M. van Veghel⁴³, J. J. Velthuis⁴⁸, M. Veltri^18,v, G. Veneziano⁴¹, A. Venkateswaran⁶¹, M. Vernet⁵, M. Vesterinen¹², B. Viaud⁷, D. Vieira¹, M. Vieites Diaz³⁹, X. Vilasis-Cardona^38,e, V. Volkov³³, A. Vollhardt⁴², B. Voneki⁴⁰, A. Vorobyev³¹, V. Vorobyev^36,d, C. Voß⁶⁶, J. A. de Vries⁴³, C. Vázquez Sierra³⁹, R. Waldi⁶⁶, C. Wallace⁵⁰, R. Wallace¹³, J. Walsh²⁴, J. Wang⁶¹, D. R. Ward⁴⁹, H. M. Wark⁵⁴, N. K. Watson⁴⁷, D. Websdale⁵⁵, A. Weiden⁴², M. Whitehead⁴⁰, J. Wicht⁵⁰, G. Wilkinson^57,40, M. Wilkinson⁶¹, M. Williams⁴⁰, M. P. Williams⁴⁷, M. Williams⁵⁸, T. Williams⁴⁷, F. F. Wilson⁵¹, J. Wimberley⁶⁰, J. Wishahi¹⁰, W. Wislicki²⁹, M. Witek²⁷, G. Wormser⁷, S. A. Wotton⁴⁹, K. Wraight⁵³, S. Wright⁴⁹, K. Wyllie⁴⁰, Y. Xie⁶⁴, Z. Xing⁶¹, Z. Xu⁴¹, Z. Yang³, H. Yin⁶⁴, J. Yu⁶⁴, X. Yuan^36,d, O. Yushchenko³⁷, K. A. Zarebski⁴⁷, M. Zavertyaev^11,w, L. Zhang³, Y. Zhang⁷, Y. Zhang⁶³, A. Zhelezov¹², Y. Zheng⁶³, A. Zhokhov³², X. Zhu³, V. Zhukov⁹, and S. Zucchelli¹⁵ (LHCb Collaboration)

¹Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
²Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
³Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
⁴LAPP, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
⁵Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
⁶CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
⁷LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
⁸LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
⁹I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
¹⁰Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
¹¹Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
¹²Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
¹³School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
¹⁴Sezione INFN di Bari, Bari, Italy
¹⁵Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
¹⁶Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
¹⁷Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
¹⁸Sezione INFN di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
¹⁹Laboratori Nazionali dell’INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
²⁰Sezione INFN di Genova, Genova, Italy
²¹Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
²²Sezione INFN di Milano, Milano, Italy
²³Sezione INFN di Padova, Padova, Italy
²⁴Sezione INFN di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
²⁵Sezione INFN di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
²⁶Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
²⁷Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
²⁸AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
²⁹National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
³⁰Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
³¹Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
³²Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
³³Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
³⁴Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAN), Moscow, Russia
³⁵Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
³⁶Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
³⁷Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
³⁸ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
³⁹Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
⁴⁰European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
⁴¹Insitute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
⁴²Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
⁴³Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
⁴⁴Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
⁴⁵NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
⁴⁶Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
⁴⁷University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
⁴⁸H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
⁴⁹Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
⁵⁰Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
⁵¹STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
⁵²School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
⁵³School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
⁵⁴Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⁵⁵Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
⁵⁶School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
⁵⁷Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
⁵⁸Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
⁵⁹University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
⁶⁰University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
⁶¹Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
⁶²Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
⁶³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
⁶⁴Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
⁶⁵Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
⁶⁶Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
⁶⁷National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia)
⁶⁸Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
⁶⁹Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (associated with Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

^*Full author list given at the end of the article.
^aAlso at Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
^bAlso at Università di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
^cAlso at Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
^dAlso at Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
^eAlso at LIFAELS, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
^fAlso at Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^gAlso at Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
^hAlso at Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
ⁱAlso at Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
^jAlso at Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
^kAlso at Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
^lAlso at Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
^mAlso at Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Palaiseau, France
ⁿAlso at Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
^oAlso at Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba-MG, Brazil
^pAlso at AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, Kraków, Poland
^qAlso at Iligan Institute of Technology (IIT), Iligan, Philippines
^rAlso at Hanoi University of Science, Hanoi, Viet Nam
^sAlso at Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^tAlso at Università di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
^uAlso at Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
^vAlso at Università di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
^wAlso at P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Science (LPI RAS), Moscow, Russia

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 261801 – Published 23 December, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.261801

Abstract

The $C P$ violation observables $S$ and $C$ in the decay channel $B^{0} \to D^{+} D^{-}$ are determined from a sample of proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3 {fb}^{- 1}$ . The observable $S$ describes $C P$ violation in the interference between mixing and the decay amplitude, and $C$ parametrizes direct $C P$ violation in the decay. The following values are obtained from a flavor-tagged, decay-time-dependent analysis: $S = - 0.5 4_{- 0.16}^{+ 0.17} (stat) \pm 0.05 (syst)$ , $C = 0.2 6_{- 0.17}^{+ 0.18} (stat) \pm 0.02 (syst)$ . These values provide evidence for $C P$ violation at a significance level of 4.0 standard deviations. The phase shift due to higher-order standard model corrections is constrained to a small value of $Δ ϕ = - 0.1 6_{- 0.21}^{+ 0.19} rad .$

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 261801– Published 23 December, 2016

Vol. 117, Iss. 26 — 23 December 2016

Received 24 August 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.261801

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

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Measurement of $C P$ Violation in $B^{0} \to D^{+} D^{-}$ Decays

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Measurement of $C P$ Violation in $B^{0} \to D^{+} D^{-}$ Decays