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First Measurement of the Masses of the $ϒ_{1} (1 D)$ and $ϒ_{3} (1 D)$ States and the Energy Dependence of the Cross Sections for $e^{+} e^{-} \to ϒ_{J} (1 D) η$ and $e^{+} e^{-} \to ϒ_{J} (1 D) π^{+} π^{-}$

M. Abumusabh , I. Adachi , K. Adamczyk , A. Aggarwal , H. Ahmed , Y. Ahn , M. Akdag , N. Akopov , S. Alghamdi et al. (The Belle and Belle II Collaborations)

S. Alghamdi , M. Alhakami , N. Althubiti , K. Amos , M. Angelsmark , N. Anh Ky , C. Antonioli , K. Arai , H. Atmacan , T. Aushev , V. Aushev , R. Ayad , V. Babu , H. Bae , N. K. Baghel , S. Bahinipati , P. Bambade , Sw. Banerjee , M. Barrett , M. Bartl , J. Baudot , A. Baur , A. Beaubien , F. Becherer , J. Becker , G. F. Benfratello , J. V. Bennett , F. U. Bernlochner , V. Bertacchi , M. Bertemes , E. Bertholet , M. Bessner , S. Bettarini , V. Bhardwaj , B. Bhuyan , F. Bianchi , T. Bilka , A. Biswas , D. Biswas , A. Bobrov , D. Bodrov , A. Bondar , G. Bonvicini , A. Boschetti , A. Bozek , M. Bračko , P. Branchini , R. A. Briere , T. E. Browder , A. Budano , Q. Campagna , M. Campajola , M. Carminati , G. Casarosa , C. Cecchi , M.-C. Chang , P. Cheema , L. Chen , B. G. Cheon , C. Cheshta , H. Chetri , K. Chilikin , K. Chirapatpimol , H.-E. Cho , K. Cho , S.-J. Cho , S.-K. Choi , S. Choudhury , S. Chutia , J. A. Colorado-Caicedo , I. Consigny , L. Corona , H. Crotte Ledesma , S. Cuccuini , J. X. Cui , E. De La Cruz-Burelo , S. A. De La Motte , G. De Nardo , G. De Pietro , R. de Sangro , M. Destefanis , S. Dey , R. Dhayal , A. Di Canto , J. Dingfelder , Z. Doležal , X. Dong , M. Dorigo , K. Dugic , G. Dujany , P. Ecker , D. Epifanov , J. Eppelt , R. Farkas , P. Feichtinger , T. Ferber , T. Fillinger , C. Finck , G. Finocchiaro , F. Forti , B. G. Fulsom , A. Gabrielli , A. Gale , R. Garg , A. Garmash , G. Gaudino , V. Gaur , V. Gautam , P. Gebeline , A. Gellrich , G. Ghevondyan , D. Ghosh , G. Giakoustidis , R. Giordano , A. Giri , P. Gironella Gironell , B. Gobbo , R. Godang , O. Gogota , W. Gradl , E. Graziani , D. Greenwald , K. Gudkova , Y. Han , K. Hayasaka , H. Hayashii , S. Hazra , C. Hearty , M. T. Hedges , A. Heidelbach , G. Heine , I. Heredia de la Cruz , T. Higuchi , M. Hoek , M. Hohmann , R. Hoppe , P. Horak , C.-L. Hsu , T. Humair , T. Iijima , K. Inami , N. Ipsita , A. Ishikawa , R. Itoh , M. Iwasaki , D. Jacobi , W. W. Jacobs , E.-J. Jang , Q. P. Ji , S. Jia , Y. Jin , A. Johnson , K. K. Joo , H. Kakuno , K. H. Kang , G. Karyan , T. Kawasaki , C. Ketter , C. Kiesling , C. Kim , D. Y. Kim , H. Kim , J.-Y. Kim , K.-H. Kim , H. Kindo , K. Kinoshita , P. Kodyš , T. Koga , S. Kohani , A. Korobov , S. Korpar , E. Kovalenko , R. Kowalewski , M. Krein , P. Križan , P. Krokovny , T. Kuhr , D. Kumar , R. Kumar , K. Kumara , T. Kunigo , Y.-J. Kwon , S. Lacaprara , Y.-T. Lai , T. Lam , J. S. Lange , T. S. Lau , R. Leboucher , H. Lee , M. J. Lee , C. Lemettais , P. Leo , C. Li , L. K. Li , Q. M. Li , S. X. Li , W. Z. Li , Y. Li , Y. B. Li , Y. P. Liao , J. Libby , J. Lin , V. Lisovskyi , C. Liu , Q. Y. Liu , Z. Q. Liu , D. Liventsev , S. Longo , A. Lozar , C. Lyu , J. L. Ma , Y. Ma , M. Maggiora , S. P. Maharana , R. Maiti , G. Mancinelli , E. Manoni , M. Mantovano , D. Marcantonio , S. Marcello , M. Marfoli , C. Marinas , C. Martellini , A. Martens , T. Martinov , L. Massaccesi , M. Masuda , S. K. Maurya , M. Maushart , J. A. McKenna , Z. Mediankin Gruberová , R. Mehta , F. Meier , D. Meleshko , M. Merola , C. Miller , M. Mirra , K. Miyabayashi , H. Miyake , R. Mizuk , S. Moneta , A. L. Moreira de Carvalho , H.-G. Moser , A. Mubarak , N. Mudgal , Th. Muller , H. Murakami , R. Mussa , M. Nakao , Y. Nakazawa , M. Naruki , Z. Natkaniec , A. Natochii , M. Nayak , M. Neu , M. Niiyama , S. Nishida , R. Nomaru , S. Ogawa , H. Ono , Y. Onuki , I. Ostrowski , F. Otani , S. Pardi , J. Park , K. Park , S.-H. Park , A. Passeri , S. Patra , T. K. Pedlar , R. Pestotnik , M. Piccolo , L. E. Piilonen , P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma , T. Podobnik , L. Polat , A. Prakash , V. Prasad , S. Prell , E. Prencipe , M. T. Prim , S. Privalov , P. Rados , S. Raiz , K. Ravindran , J. U. Rehman , M. Reif , S. Reiter , M. Remnev , D. Ricalde Herrmann , I. Ripp-Baudot , G. Rizzo , S. H. Robertson , J. M. Roney , A. Rostomyan , N. Rout , G. Russo , S. Saha , S. Sandilya , C. Santos , V. Savinov , B. Scavino , J. Schmitz , S. Schneider , G. Schnell , K. Schoenning , C. Schwanda , Y. Seino , K. Senyo , J. Serrano , C. Sfienti , W. Shan , C. P. Shen , X. D. Shi , T. Shillington , J.-G. Shiu , D. Shtol , B. Shwartz , A. Sibidanov , F. Simon , J. B. Singh , J. Skorupa , A. Soffer , A. Sokolov , E. Solovieva , W. Song , S. Spataro , K. Špenko , B. Spruck , M. Starič , P. Stavroulakis , S. Stefkova , R. Stroili , M. Sumihama , M. Takizawa , U. Tamponi , S. Tanaka , K. Tanida , F. Testa , D. V. Thanh , T. Tien Manh , O. Tittel , R. Tiwary , E. Torassa , F. F. Trantou , I. Tsaklidis , M. Uchida , I. Ueda , E. Uenlue , T. Uglov , K. Unger , Y. Unno , K. Uno , S. Uno , R. van Tonder , K. E. Varvell , M. Veronesi , V. S. Vismaya , L. Vitale , V. Vobbilisetti , R. Volk , S. Wallner , M.-Z. Wang , A. Warburton , M. Watanabe , S. Watanuki , C. Wessel , Y. Xie , X. P. Xu , B. D. Yabsley , S. Yamada , W. Yan , W. P. Yan , J. Yelton , K. Yi , J. H. Yin , K. Yoshihara , C. Z. Yuan , J. Yuan , L. Yuan , Y. Yusa , L. Zani , M. Zeyrek , B. Zhang , X. Zhao , V. Zhilich , J. S. Zhou , Q. D. Zhou , L. Zhu , and R. Žlebčík (The Belle and Belle II Collaborations)

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 191901 – Published 4 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9wrm-99hg

Abstract

We study the processes $e^{+} e^{-} \to ϒ_{J} (1 D) η$ and $e^{+} e^{-} \to ϒ_{J} (1 D) π^{+} π^{-}$ at center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} = (10.73 - 11.02) GeV$ using a $142.5 {fb}^{- 1}$ data sample, including $122 {fb}^{- 1}$ near the $ϒ (10860)$ peak ( $\sqrt{s} = 10.866 GeV$ ), collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+} e^{-}$ collider. From the peak sample, the products of Born cross section times branching fraction are obtained for $σ_{Born} (e^{+} e^{-} \to ϒ_{J} (1 D) η)$ or $σ_{Born} (e^{+} e^{-} \to ϒ_{J} (1 D) π^{+} π^{-})$ and $B (ϒ_{J} (1 D) \to χ_{b 1} γ)$ or $B (ϒ_{J} (1 D) \to χ_{b 2} γ)$ for each $ϒ_{J} (1 D)$ state. The corresponding branching fractions for $ϒ (10860)$ decays are also obtained. The significances of the $ϒ_{1} (1 D)$ , $ϒ_{2} (1 D)$ , and $ϒ_{3} (1 D)$ signals are $4.8 σ$ , $> 10 σ$ , and $3.0 σ$ , respectively, including systematic uncertainties. The mass for $ϒ_{2} (1 D)$ is measured to be $(10167.0 \pm 1.0 \pm 0.2) MeV / c^{2}$ , where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic. The mass splittings $Δ m_{12} = m (ϒ_{2} (1 D)) - m (ϒ_{1} (1 D))$ and $Δ m_{23} = m (ϒ_{3} (1 D)) - m (ϒ_{2} (1 D))$ are $(11.8 \pm 1.5 \pm 0.4) MeV / c^{2}$ and $(7.6 \pm 2.4 \pm 0.6) MeV / c^{2}$ , respectively. We determine the energy dependence of the cross sections for $e^{+} e^{-} \to ϒ_{J} (1 D) η$ and $e^{+} e^{-} \to ϒ_{J} (1 D) π^{+} π^{-}$ for the $ϒ_{1} (1 D)$ , $ϒ_{2} (1 D)$ , and $ϒ_{3} (1 D)$ states, combined.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 191901– Published 4 November, 2026

Vol. 137, Iss. 19 — 6 November 2026

Received 7 July 2026
Accepted 20 October 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9wrm-99hg

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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First Measurement of the Masses of the $ϒ_{1} (1 D)$ and $ϒ_{3} (1 D)$ States and the Energy Dependence of the Cross Sections for $e^{+} e^{-} \to ϒ_{J} (1 D) η$ and $e^{+} e^{-} \to ϒ_{J} (1 D) π^{+} π^{-}$

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First Measurement of the Masses of the ϒ1(1D) and ϒ3(1D) States and the Energy Dependence of the Cross Sections for e+e−→ϒJ(1D)η and e+e−→ϒJ(1D)π+π−

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First Measurement of the Masses of the $ϒ_{1} (1 D)$ and $ϒ_{3} (1 D)$ States and the Energy Dependence of the Cross Sections for $e^{+} e^{-} \to ϒ_{J} (1 D) η$ and $e^{+} e^{-} \to ϒ_{J} (1 D) π^{+} π^{-}$