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Combined Annual Modulation Dark Matter Search with COSINE-100 and ANAIS-112

N. Carlin1, J. Y. Cho2, J. J. Choi3, S. Choi4, A. C. Ezeribe5, L. E. França1, C. Ha6, I. S. Hahn7,8,9, S. J. Hollick10,* et al. (COSINE-100 Collaboration, ANAIS-112 Collaboration)

I. S. Hahn7,8,9, S. J. Hollick10,*, S. B. Hong2, E. J. Jeon3,9, H. W. Joo4, W. G. Kang3, M. Kauer11, B. H. Kim3, H. J. Kim2, J. Kim6, K. W. Kim3, S. H. Kim3, S. K. Kim4, W. K. Kim9,3, Y. D. Kim3,9, Y. H. Kim3,9, Y. J. Ko12, D. H. Lee2, E. K. Lee3, H. Lee9,3, H. S. Lee3,9, H. Y. Lee7, I. S. Lee3, J. Lee3, J. Y. Lee2, M. H. Lee3,9, S. H. Lee9,3, S. M. Lee4, Y. J. Lee6, D. S. Leonard3, N. T. Luan2, V. H. A. Machado1, B. B. Manzato1, R. H. Maruyama10, R. J. Neal5, S. L. Olsen3, H. K. Park13, H. S. Park14, J. C. Park15, J. S. Park2, K. S. Park3, K. Park3, S. D. Park2, R. L. C. Pitta1, H. Prihtiadi16, S. J. Ra3, C. Rott17, K. A. Shin3, D. F. F. S. Cavalcante1, M. K. Son15, N. J. C. Spooner5, L. T. Truc2, L. Yang18, G. H. Yu3, J. Amaré19,20, J. Apilluelo19,20, S. Cebrián19,20, D. Cintas19,20, I. Coarasa19,20, E. García19,20, M. Martínez19,20, Y. Ortigoza19,20,21, A. Ortiz de Solórzano19,20, T. Pardo19,20, J. Puimedón19,20, M. L. Sarsa19,20, and C. Seoane19,20 (COSINE-100 Collaboration, ANAIS-112 Collaboration)

  • 1Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 2Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
  • 3Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
  • 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
  • 5Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
  • 6Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
  • 7Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
  • 8Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
  • 9IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
  • 10Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
  • 11Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
  • 12Department of Physics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
  • 13Department of Accelerator Science, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
  • 14Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
  • 15Department of Physics and IQS, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
  • 16Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia
  • 17Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
  • 18Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
  • 19Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
  • 20Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, Paseo de los Ayerbe s.n., 22880 Canfranc Estación, Huesca, Spain
  • 21Escuela Universitaria Politécnica de La Almunia de Doña Godina (EUPLA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Mayor 5, La Almunia de Doña Godina, 50100 Zaragoza, Spain

  • *Contact author: sophia.hollick@yale.edu
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 121002 – Published 17 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9j7w-qp1c

Abstract

The annual modulation signal, claimed to be consistent with dark matter as observed by DAMA/LIBRA in a sodium-iodide based detector, has persisted for over two decades. COSINE-100 and ANAIS-112 were designed to test the claim directly using the same target material. COSINE-100, located at Yangyang Underground Laboratory in South Korea, and ANAIS-112, located at Canfranc Underground Laboratory in Spain, have been taking data since 2016 and 2017, respectively. Each experiment published its respective results independently. In this Letter, we present the results of an annual modulation search as a test of the signal observed by DAMA/LIBRA with the first three respective years of data from COSINE-100 and ANAIS-112. Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, we find best fit values for modulation amplitude of −0.0002±0.0026  cpd/kg/keV in the 1–6 keV and 0.0021±0.0028  cpd/kg/keV in the 2–6 keV energy regions. These results are not compatible with DAMA/LIBRA’s assertion for their observation of annual modulation at 3.7σ and 2.6σ, respectively. Performing a simple combination of the newly released 6-year datasets from both experiments finds values consistent with no modulation at 0.0005±0.0019  cpd/kg/keV in the 1–6 keV and 0.0027±0.0021  cpd/kg/keV in the 2–6 keV energy regions with 4.7σ and 3.5σ respective exclusions of the DAMA/LIBRA signal.

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synopsis

Experiments Refute Dark Matter Claim

Published 17 September, 2025

Two direct-detection experiments see no evidence of a signal reported by their predecessor.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 121002– Published 17 September, 2025
  • Received 16 April 2025
  • Revised 18 July 2025
  • Accepted 25 July 2025
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