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    Pressure-Induced Magnetic-Field-Free Superconducting Diode Effect in NbSe2 Flake

    Shihao Zhu1,*, Tian Le2,3,*, Cuiying Pei1,*, Changhua Li1,*, Yi Liao1, Yi Zhao1, Lingxiao Zhao1, Qi Wang1,4, Juefei Wu1 et al.

    Qilian Zhang5, Yueshen Wu1, Tonghuan Fu6, Xujie Lü6, Wenge Yang6, Jie Shen7, Jun Li1,4, Yulin Chen1,4,8, Xiao Lin9,†, Wen-Yu He1,‡, and Yanpeng Qi1,4,10,§

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: linxiao@westlake.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: hewy@shanghaitech.edu.cn
    • §Contact author: qiyp@shanghaitech.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 076003 – Published 13 August, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/8wnw-16qt

    Abstract

    The superconducting diode effect (SDE) is a fascinating nonreciprocal phenomenon where the critical current is different for opposite current directions. It is widely believed that realizing SDE requires breaking both inversion symmetry and time-reversal symmetry (TRS), which are usually achieved via heterostructure engineering and applying external magnetic fields. Here, we report a pressure-induced magnetic-field-free SDE in NbSe2 flakes without any heterostructures. We show that pressure alone breaks the inversion symmetry, as confirmed by the second harmonic generation. Crucially, upon applying an out-of-plane magnetic field (B), the SDE exhibits even-in-B behavior, implying the absence of explicit TRS breaking. This finding challenges the prevailing theoretical paradigm and demonstrates that a magnetic-field-free SDE can emerge without explicitly breaking TRS. Thereby, our Letter establishes pressure engineering as a powerful tool for inducing nonreciprocal superconductivity and designing versatile, magnetic-field-free superconducting devices.

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