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    Proposal to Construct the Dark-Matter-Only Counterpart of the Observed Universe Combining Weak Lensing and Baryon Censuses

    Shuren Zhou* and Pengjie Zhang†

    • 1Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
    • 2School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    • 3State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Shanghai 200240, China
    • 4Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE)/Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China

    • *Contact author: zhoushuren@sjtu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: zhangpj@sjtu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 131002 – Published 25 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/8kpm-r54z

    Abstract

    Baryonic effects such as AGN feedback can significantly impact the matter clustering, are harder to model from first principles, and emerge as a severe limiting factor in weak lensing cosmology. To tackle this issue, we propose a generic relation of mapping the observed matter clustering to its counterpart in a dark-matter-only universe. We verify this relation to be accurate at better than 1% level at k<1  h/Mpc and z∈[0,3] in both TNG and Illustris simulations, demonstrating its model independence to the underlying baryonic physics. Implementing this relation in observations will be made possible by the specifically designed cross-correlation statistics and baryon census (ionized diffuse gas through localized fast radio bursts, stellar mass through galaxy surveys, and neutral hydrogen through 21 cm mapping). It is capable of correcting the baryonic effect not only in the matter power spectrum, but also at the field level, as demonstrated by tests on the scattering transform statistics. This approach paves the way for constructing the dark-matter-only counterpart of the observed Universe, establishing an ideal cosmological laboratory for probing the dark universe.

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    See Also

    Nulling Baryonic Feedback in Weak Lensing Surveys Using Cross-Correlations with Fast Radio Bursts

    Calvin Leung, Josh Borrow, Kiyoshi W. Masui, Shion Andrew, Kai-Feng Chen, Joop Schaye, and Matthieu Schaller
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 131003 (2026)

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