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Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions

A. Hayrapetyan¹, V. Makarenko ¹, A. Tumasyan ^1,b, W. Adam ², L. Benato ², T. Bergauer ², M. Dragicevic ², C. Giordano², P. S. Hussain ² et al. (CMS Collaboration)

P. S. Hussain ², M. Jeitler ^2,c, N. Krammer ², A. Li ², D. Liko ², M. Matthewman², J. Schieck ^2,c, R. Schöfbeck ^2,c, M. Shooshtari ², M. Sonawane ², W. Waltenberger ², C.-E. Wulz ^2,c, T. Janssen ³, H. Kwon ³, D. Ocampo Henao ³, T. Van Laer ³, P. Van Mechelen ³, J. Bierkens ⁴, N. Breugelmans⁴, J. D’Hondt ⁴, S. Dansana ⁴, A. De Moor ⁴, M. Delcourt ⁴, F. Heyen⁴, Y. Hong ⁴, P. Kashko ⁴, S. Lowette ⁴, I. Makarenko ⁴, D. Müller ⁴, J. Song ⁴, S. Tavernier ⁴, M. Tytgat ^4,d, G. P. Van Onsem ⁴, S. Van Putte ⁴, D. Vannerom ⁴, B. Bilin ⁵, B. Clerbaux ⁵, A. K. Das⁵, I. De Bruyn ⁵, G. De Lentdecker ⁵, H. Evard ⁵, L. Favart ⁵, P. Gianneios ⁵, A. Khalilzadeh⁵, F. A. Khan ⁵, A. Malara ⁵, M. A. Shahzad⁵, A. Sharma ⁵, L. Thomas ⁵, M. Vanden Bemden ⁵, C. Vander Velde ⁵, P. Vanlaer ⁵, F. Zhang ⁵, M. De Coen ⁶, D. Dobur ⁶, G. Gokbulut ⁶, D. Marckx ⁶, K. Skovpen ⁶, A. M. Tomaru⁶, N. Van Den Bossche ⁶, J. van der Linden ⁶, J. Vandenbroeck ⁶, L. Wezenbeek ⁶, H. Aarup Petersen ⁷, S. Bein ⁷, A. Benecke ⁷, A. Bethani ⁷, G. Bruno ⁷, A. Cappati ⁷, J. De Favereau De Jeneret ⁷, C. Delaere ⁷, F. Gameiro Casalinho ⁷, A. Giammanco ⁷, A. O. Guzel ⁷, V. Lemaitre⁷, J. Lidrych ⁷, P. Malek ⁷, P. Mastrapasqua ⁷, S. Turkcapar ⁷, G. A. Alves ⁸, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho ⁸, E. Coelho ⁸, C. Hensel ⁸, D. Matos Figueiredo ⁸, T. Menezes De Oliveira ⁸, C. Mora Herrera ⁸, P. Rebello Teles ⁸, M. Soeiro ⁸, E. J. Tonelli Manganote ^8,e, A. Vilela Pereira ⁸, W. L. Aldá Júnior ⁹, H. Brandao Malbouisson ⁹, W. Carvalho ⁹, J. Chinellato ^9,f, M. Costa Reis ⁹, E. M. Da Costa ⁹, G. G. Da Silveira ^9,g, D. De Jesus Damiao ⁹, S. Fonseca De Souza ⁹, R. Gomes De Souza ⁹, S. S. Jesus ⁹, T. Laux Kuhn ^9,g, M. Macedo ⁹, K. Mota Amarilo ⁹, L. Mundim ⁹, H. Nogima ⁹, J. P. Pinheiro ⁹, A. Santoro ⁹, A. Sznajder ⁹, M. Thiel ⁹, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo ^9,h, C. A. Bernardes ^10,g, L. Calligaris ¹⁰, F. Damas ¹⁰, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei¹⁰, E. M. Gregores ¹⁰, B. Lopes Da Costa ¹⁰, I. Maietto Silverio ¹⁰, P. G. 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Hebbeker ⁴⁷, K. Hoepfner ⁴⁷, F. Ivone ⁴⁷, A. Jung ⁴⁷, N. Kumar ⁴⁷, M. y. Lee ⁴⁷, F. Mausolf ⁴⁷, M. Merschmeyer ⁴⁷, A. Meyer ⁴⁷, A. Pozdnyakov ⁴⁷, W. Redjeb ⁴⁷, H. Reithler ⁴⁷, U. Sarkar ⁴⁷, V. Sarkisovi ⁴⁷, A. Schmidt ⁴⁷, C. Seth⁴⁷, A. Sharma ⁴⁷, J. L. Spah ⁴⁷, V. Vaulin⁴⁷, S. Zaleski⁴⁷, M. R. Beckers ⁴⁸, C. Dziwok ⁴⁸, G. Flügge ⁴⁸, N. Hoeflich ⁴⁸, T. Kress ⁴⁸, A. Nowack ⁴⁸, O. Pooth ⁴⁸, A. Stahl ⁴⁸, A. Zotz ⁴⁸, A. Abel⁴⁹, M. Aldaya Martin ⁴⁹, J. Alimena ⁴⁹, S. Amoroso⁴⁹, Y. An ⁴⁹, I. Andreev ⁴⁹, J. Bach ⁴⁹, S. Baxter ⁴⁹, M. Bayatmakou ⁴⁹, H. Becerril Gonzalez ⁴⁹, O. Behnke ⁴⁹, A. Belvedere ⁴⁹, F. Blekman ^49,x, K. Borras ^49,y, A. Campbell ⁴⁹, S. Chatterjee ⁴⁹, L. X. Coll Saravia ⁴⁹, G. Eckerlin⁴⁹, D. Eckstein ⁴⁹, E. Gallo ^49,x, A. Geiser ⁴⁹, M. Guthoff ⁴⁹, A. Hinzmann ⁴⁹, L. Jeppe ⁴⁹, M. Kasemann ⁴⁹, C. Kleinwort ⁴⁹, R. Kogler ⁴⁹, M. Komm ⁴⁹, D. Krücker ⁴⁹, W. Lange⁴⁹, D. Leyva Pernia ⁴⁹, K.-Y. Lin ⁴⁹, K. Lipka ^49,z, W. Lohmann ^49,aa, J. Malvaso ⁴⁹, R. Mankel ⁴⁹, I.-A. 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Mal ⁷², K. Naskar ^72,nn, A. Nayak ^72,nn, K. Pal ⁷², P. Sadangi⁷², S. K. Swain ⁷², S. Varghese ^72,nn, D. Vats ^72,nn, S. Dube ⁷³, P. Hazarika ⁷³, B. Kansal ⁷³, A. Laha ⁷³, R. Sharma ⁷³, S. Sharma ⁷³, K. Y. Vaish ⁷³, S. Ghosh ⁷⁴, H. Bakhshiansohi ^75,oo, A. Jafari ^75,pp, V. Sedighzadeh Dalavi ⁷⁵, M. Zeinali ^75,qq, S. Bashiri ⁷⁶, S. Chenarani ^76,rr, S. M. Etesami ⁷⁶, Y. Hosseini ⁷⁶, M. Khakzad ⁷⁶, E. Khazaie ⁷⁶, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi ⁷⁶, S. Tizchang ^76,ss, M. Felcini ⁷⁷, M. Grunewald ⁷⁷, M. Abbrescia ^78a,78b, M. Barbieri^78a,78b, M. Buonsante ^78a,78b, A. Colaleo ^78a,78b, D. Creanza ^78a,78c, N. De Filippis ^78a,78c, M. De Palma ^78a,78b, W. Elmetenawee ^78a,78b,tt, N. Ferrara ^78a,78c, L. Fiore ^78a, L. Generoso^78a,78b, L. Longo ^78a, M. Louka ^78a,78b, G. Maggi ^78a,78c, M. Maggi ^78a, I. Margjeka ^78a, V. Mastrapasqua ^78a,78b, S. My ^78a,78b, F. Nenna ^78a,78b, S. Nuzzo ^78a,78b, A. Pellecchia ^78a,78b, A. Pompili ^78a,78b, G. Pugliese ^78a,78c, R. Radogna ^78a,78b, D. 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Ciulli ^81a,81b, C. Civinini ^81a, R. D’Alessandro ^81a,81b, L. Damenti^81a,81b, E. Focardi ^81a,81b, T. Kello ^81a, G. Latino ^81a,81b, P. Lenzi ^81a,81b, M. Lizzo ^81a, M. Meschini ^81a, S. Paoletti ^81a, A. Papanastassiou^81a,81b, G. Sguazzoni ^81a, L. Viliani ^81a, L. Benussi ⁸², S. Bianco ⁸², S. Meola ^82,ww, D. Piccolo ⁸², M. Alves Gallo Pereira ^83a, F. Ferro ^83a, E. Robutti ^83a, S. Tosi ^83a,83b, A. Benaglia ^84a, F. Brivio ^84a, V. Camagni ^84a,84b, F. Cetorelli ^84a,84b, F. De Guio ^84a,84b, M. E. Dinardo ^84a,84b, P. Dini ^84a, S. Gennai ^84a, R. Gerosa ^84a,84b, A. Ghezzi ^84a,84b, P. Govoni ^84a,84b, L. Guzzi ^84a, M. R. Kim ^84a, G. Lavizzari^84a,84b, M. T. Lucchini ^84a,84b, M. Malberti ^84a, S. Malvezzi ^84a, A. Massironi ^84a, D. Menasce ^84a, L. Moroni ^84a, M. Paganoni ^84a,84b, S. Palluotto ^84a,84b, D. Pedrini ^84a, A. Perego ^84a,84b, G. Pizzati ^84a,84b, T. Tabarelli de Fatis ^84a,84b, S. Buontempo ^85a, C. Di Fraia ^85a,85b, F. Fabozzi ^85a,85c, L. Favilla ^85a,85d, A. O. M. Iorio ^85a,85b, L. Lista ^85a,85b,xx, P. Paolucci ^85a,cc, B. Rossi ^85a, P. Azzi ^86a, N. Bacchetta ^86a,yy, L. Borella^86a, P. Bortignon ^86a,86c, G. Bortolato ^86a,86b, A. C. M. Bulla ^86a,86c, R. Carlin ^86a,86b, P. Checchia ^86a, T. Dorigo ^86a,zz, F. Gasparini ^86a,86b, U. Gasparini ^86a,86b, S. Giorgetti ^86a, A. Gozzelino ^86a, E. Lusiani ^86a, M. Margoni ^86a,86b, A. T. Meneguzzo ^86a,86b, J. Pazzini ^86a,86b, F. Primavera ^86a,86b, P. Ronchese ^86a,86b, R. Rossin ^86a,86b, M. Tosi ^86a,86b, A. Triossi ^86a,86b, S. Ventura ^86a, M. Zanetti ^86a,86b, P. Zotto ^86a,86b, A. Zucchetta ^86a,86b, G. Zumerle ^86a,86b, A. Braghieri ^87a, S. Calzaferri ^87a,87b, P. Montagna ^87a,87b, M. Pelliccioni ^87a,87b, V. Re ^87a, C. Riccardi ^87a,87b, P. Salvini ^87a, I. Vai ^87a,87b, P. Vitulo ^87a,87b, S. Ajmal ^88a,88b, M. E. Ascioti^88a,88b, G. M. Bilei ^88a,a, C. Carrivale^88a,88b, D. Ciangottini ^88a,88b, L. Della Penna^88a,88b, L. Fanò ^88a,88b, V. Mariani ^88a,88b, M. Menichelli ^88a, F. Moscatelli ^88a,aaa, A. Rossi ^88a,88b, A. Santocchia ^88a,88b, D. Spiga ^88a, T. Tedeschi ^88a,88b, C. Aimè ^89a,89b, C. A. Alexe ^89a,89c, P. Asenov ^89a,89b, P. Azzurri ^89a, G. Bagliesi ^89a, L. Bianchini ^89a,89b, T. Boccali ^89a, E. Bossini ^89a, D. Bruschini ^89a,89c, R. Castaldi ^89a, F. Cattafesta ^89a,89c, M. A. Ciocci ^89a,89d, M. Cipriani ^89a,89b, R. Dell’Orso ^89a, S. Donato ^89a,89b, R. Forti ^89a,89b, A. Giassi ^89a, F. Ligabue ^89a,89c, A. C. Marini ^89a,89b, A. Messineo ^89a,89b, S. Mishra ^89a, V. K. Muraleedharan Nair Bindhu ^89a,89b, S. Nandan ^89a, F. Palla ^89a, M. Riggirello ^89a,89c, A. Rizzi ^89a,89b, G. Rolandi ^89a,89c, S. Roy Chowdhury ^89a,bbb, T. Sarkar ^89a, A. Scribano ^89a, P. Solanki ^89a,89b, P. Spagnolo ^89a, F. Tenchini ^89a,89b, R. Tenchini ^89a, G. Tonelli ^89a,89b, N. Turini ^89a,89d, F. Vaselli ^89a,89c, A. Venturi ^89a, P. G. Verdini ^89a, P. Akrap ^90a,90b, C. Basile ^90a,90b, S. C. Behera ^90a, F. 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Connor ¹³⁰, K. Cormier ¹³⁰, D. d’Enterria ¹³⁰, A. Dabrowski ¹³⁰, A. David ¹³⁰, A. De Roeck ¹³⁰, M. M. Defranchis ¹³⁰, M. Deile ¹³⁰, M. Dobson ¹³⁰, P. J. Fernández Manteca¹³⁰, B. A. Fontana Santos Alves ¹³⁰, E. Fontanesi ¹³⁰, W. Funk ¹³⁰, A. Gaddi¹³⁰, S. Giani¹³⁰, D. Gigi¹³⁰, K. Gill ¹³⁰, F. Glege ¹³⁰, M. Glowacki¹³⁰, A. Gruber ¹³⁰, J. Hegeman ¹³⁰, J. K. Heikkilä ¹³⁰, R. Hofsaess ¹³⁰, B. Huber ¹³⁰, T. James ¹³⁰, P. Janot ¹³⁰, O. Kaluzinska ¹³⁰, O. Karacheban ^130,aa, G. Karathanasis ¹³⁰, S. Laurila ¹³⁰, P. Lecoq ¹³⁰, E. Leutgeb ¹³⁰, C. Lourenço ¹³⁰, A.-M. Lyon ¹³⁰, M. Magherini ¹³⁰, L. Malgeri ¹³⁰, M. Mannelli ¹³⁰, A. Mehta ¹³⁰, F. Meijers ¹³⁰, J. A. Merlin¹³⁰, S. Mersi ¹³⁰, E. Meschi ¹³⁰, M. Migliorini ¹³⁰, F. Monti ¹³⁰, F. Moortgat ¹³⁰, M. Mulders ¹³⁰, M. Musich ¹³⁰, I. Neutelings ¹³⁰, S. Orfanelli¹³⁰, F. Pantaleo ¹³⁰, M. Pari ¹³⁰, G. Petrucciani ¹³⁰, A. Pfeiffer ¹³⁰, M. Pierini ¹³⁰, M. Pitt ¹³⁰, H. Qu ¹³⁰, D. Rabady ¹³⁰, A. Reimers ¹³⁰, B. Ribeiro Lopes ¹³⁰, F. Riti ¹³⁰, P. Rosado ¹³⁰, M. Rovere ¹³⁰, H. Sakulin ¹³⁰, R. Salvatico ¹³⁰, S. Sanchez Cruz ¹³⁰, S. Scarfi ¹³⁰, M. Selvaggi ¹³⁰, K. Shchelina ¹³⁰, P. Silva ¹³⁰, P. Sphicas ^130,ggg, A. G. Stahl Leiton ¹³⁰, A. Steen ¹³⁰, S. Summers ¹³⁰, D. Treille ¹³⁰, P. Tropea ¹³⁰, E. Vernazza ¹³⁰, J. Wanczyk ^130,hhh, S. Wuchterl ¹³⁰, M. Zarucki ¹³⁰, P. Zehetner ¹³⁰, P. Zejdl ¹³⁰, G. Zevi Della Porta ¹³⁰, T. Bevilacqua ^131,iii, L. Caminada ^131,iii, W. Erdmann ¹³¹, R. Horisberger ¹³¹, Q. Ingram ¹³¹, H. C. Kaestli ¹³¹, D. Kotlinski ¹³¹, C. Lange ¹³¹, U. Langenegger ¹³¹, A. Nigamova ¹³¹, L. Noehte ^131,iii, T. Rohe ¹³¹, A. Samalan ¹³¹, T. K. Aarrestad ¹³², M. Backhaus ¹³², G. Bonomelli ¹³², C. Cazzaniga ¹³², K. Datta ¹³², P. De Bryas Dexmiers D’Archiacchiac ^132,hhh, A. De Cosa ¹³², G. Dissertori ¹³², M. Dittmar¹³², M. Donegà ¹³², F. Glessgen ¹³², C. Grab ¹³², N. Härringer ¹³², T. G. Harte ¹³², W. Lustermann ¹³², M. Malucchi ¹³², R. A. Manzoni ¹³², L. Marchese ¹³², A. Mascellani ^132,hhh, F. Nessi-Tedaldi ¹³², F. Pauss ¹³², B. Ristic ¹³², R. Seidita ¹³², J. Steggemann ^132,hhh, A. Tarabini ¹³², D. Valsecchi ¹³², R. Wallny ¹³², C. Amsler ^133,jjj, P. Bärtschi ¹³³, F. Bilandzija ¹³³, M. F. Canelli ¹³³, G. Celotto ¹³³, V. Guglielmi ¹³³, A. Jofrehei ¹³³, B. Kilminster ¹³³, T. H. Kwok ¹³³, S. Leontsinis ¹³³, V. Lukashenko ¹³³, A. Macchiolo ¹³³, F. Meng ¹³³, M. Missiroli ¹³³, J. Motta ¹³³, P. Robmann¹³³, E. Shokr ¹³³, F. Stäger ¹³³, R. Tramontano ¹³³, P. Viscone ¹³³, D. Bhowmik¹³⁴, C. M. Kuo¹³⁴, P. K. Rout ¹³⁴, S. Taj ¹³⁴, P. C. Tiwari ^134,ll, L. Ceard¹³⁵, K. F. Chen ¹³⁵, Z. g. Chen¹³⁵, A. De Iorio ¹³⁵, W.-S. Hou ¹³⁵, T. h. Hsu¹³⁵, Y. w. Kao¹³⁵, S. Karmakar ¹³⁵, G. Kole ¹³⁵, Y. y. Li ¹³⁵, R.-S. Lu ¹³⁵, E. Paganis ¹³⁵, X. f. Su ¹³⁵, J. Thomas-Wilsker ¹³⁵, L. s. Tsai¹³⁵, D. Tsionou¹³⁵, H. y. Wu ¹³⁵, E. Yazgan ¹³⁵, C. Asawatangtrakuldee ¹³⁶, N. Srimanobhas ¹³⁶, Y. Maghrbi ¹³⁷, D. Agyel ¹³⁸, F. Dolek ¹³⁸, I. Dumanoglu ^138,kkk, Y. Guler ^138,lll, E. Gurpinar Guler ^138,lll, C. Isik ¹³⁸, O. Kara ^138,mmm, A. Kayis Topaksu ¹³⁸, Y. Komurcu ¹³⁸, G. Onengut ¹³⁸, K. Ozdemir ^138,nnn, B. Tali ^138,ooo, U. G. Tok ¹³⁸, E. Uslan ¹³⁸, I. S. Zorbakir ¹³⁸, S. Sen ¹³⁹, M. Yalvac ^140,ppp, B. Akgun ¹⁴¹, I. O. Atakisi ^141,qqq, E. Gülmez ¹⁴¹, M. Kaya ^141,rrr, O. Kaya ^141,sss, M. A. Sarkisla^141,ttt, S. Tekten ^141,uuu, D. Boncukcu ¹⁴², A. Cakir ¹⁴², K. Cankocak ^142,kkk,vvv, B. Hacisahinoglu ¹⁴³, I. Hos ^143,www, B. Kaynak ¹⁴³, S. Ozkorucuklu ¹⁴³, O. Potok ¹⁴³, H. Sert ¹⁴³, C. Simsek ¹⁴³, C. Zorbilmez ¹⁴³, S. Cerci ¹⁴⁴, C. Dozen ^144,xxx, B. Isildak ¹⁴⁴, E. Simsek ¹⁴⁴, D. Sunar Cerci ¹⁴⁴, T. Yetkin ^144,xxx, A. Boyaryntsev ¹⁴⁵, O. Dadazhanova¹⁴⁵, B. Grynyov ¹⁴⁵, L. Levchuk ¹⁴⁶, J. J. Brooke ¹⁴⁷, A. Bundock ¹⁴⁷, F. Bury ¹⁴⁷, E. Clement ¹⁴⁷, D. Cussans ¹⁴⁷, D. Dharmender¹⁴⁷, H. Flacher ¹⁴⁷, J. Goldstein ¹⁴⁷, H. F. Heath ¹⁴⁷, M.-L. Holmberg ¹⁴⁷, L. Kreczko ¹⁴⁷, S. Paramesvaran ¹⁴⁷, L. Robertshaw¹⁴⁷, M. S. Sanjrani^147,oo, J. Segal¹⁴⁷, V. J. Smith ¹⁴⁷, A. H. Ball¹⁴⁸, K. W. Bell ¹⁴⁸, A. 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Vaandering ¹⁶⁶, C. Wang¹⁶⁶, I. Zoi ¹⁶⁶, C. Aruta ¹⁶⁷, P. Avery ¹⁶⁷, D. Bourilkov ¹⁶⁷, P. Chang ¹⁶⁷, V. Cherepanov ¹⁶⁷, R. D. Field¹⁶⁷, C. Huh ¹⁶⁷, E. Koenig ¹⁶⁷, M. Kolosova ¹⁶⁷, J. Konigsberg ¹⁶⁷, A. Korytov ¹⁶⁷, G. Mitselmakher ¹⁶⁷, K. Mohrman ¹⁶⁷, A. Muthirakalayil Madhu ¹⁶⁷, N. Rawal ¹⁶⁷, S. Rosenzweig ¹⁶⁷, V. Sulimov ¹⁶⁷, Y. Takahashi ¹⁶⁷, J. Wang ¹⁶⁷, T. Adams ¹⁶⁸, A. Al Kadhim ¹⁶⁸, A. Askew ¹⁶⁸, S. Bower ¹⁶⁸, R. Goff¹⁶⁸, R. Hashmi ¹⁶⁸, A. Hassani ¹⁶⁸, R. S. Kim ¹⁶⁸, T. Kolberg ¹⁶⁸, G. Martinez ¹⁶⁸, M. Mazza ¹⁶⁸, H. Prosper ¹⁶⁸, P. R. Prova¹⁶⁸, R. Yohay ¹⁶⁸, B. Alsufyani ¹⁶⁹, S. Butalla ¹⁶⁹, S. Das ¹⁶⁹, M. Hohlmann ¹⁶⁹, M. Lavinsky¹⁶⁹, E. Yanes¹⁶⁹, M. R. Adams ¹⁷⁰, N. Barnett¹⁷⁰, A. Baty ¹⁷⁰, C. Bennett ¹⁷⁰, R. Cavanaugh ¹⁷⁰, S. J. Das ¹⁷⁰, R. Escobar Franco ¹⁷⁰, O. Evdokimov ¹⁷⁰, C. E. Gerber ¹⁷⁰, H. Gupta ¹⁷⁰, M. Hawksworth¹⁷⁰, A. Hingrajiya¹⁷⁰, D. J. Hofman ¹⁷⁰, Z. Huang ¹⁷⁰, J. h. Lee ¹⁷⁰, C. Mills ¹⁷⁰, S. Nanda ¹⁷⁰, G. Nigmatkulov ¹⁷⁰, B. Ozek ¹⁷⁰, V. Pant¹⁷⁰, T. Phan¹⁷⁰, D. Pilipovic ¹⁷⁰, R. Pradhan ¹⁷⁰, E. Prifti¹⁷⁰, P. Roy¹⁷⁰, T. Roy ¹⁷⁰, D. Shekar¹⁷⁰, N. Singh¹⁷⁰, A. Thielen¹⁷⁰, M. B. Tonjes ¹⁷⁰, N. Varelas ¹⁷⁰, M. A. Wadud ¹⁷⁰, J. Yoo ¹⁷⁰, M. Alhusseini ¹⁷¹, D. Blend ¹⁷¹, K. Dilsiz ^171,ffff, O. K. Köseyan ¹⁷¹, A. Mestvirishvili ^171,gggg, O. Neogi¹⁷¹, H. Ogul ^171,hhhh, Y. Onel ¹⁷¹, A. Penzo ¹⁷¹, C. Snyder¹⁷¹, E. Tiras ^171,iiii, B. Blumenfeld ¹⁷², J. Davis ¹⁷², A. V. Gritsan ¹⁷², L. Kang ¹⁷², S. Kyriacou ¹⁷², P. Maksimovic ¹⁷², M. Roguljic ¹⁷², S. Sekhar ¹⁷², M. V. Srivastav ¹⁷², M. Swartz ¹⁷², A. Abreu ¹⁷³, L. F. Alcerro Alcerro ¹⁷³, J. Anguiano ¹⁷³, S. Arteaga Escatel ¹⁷³, P. Baringer ¹⁷³, A. Bean ¹⁷³, R. Bhattacharya ¹⁷³, Z. Flowers ¹⁷³, D. Grove ¹⁷³, J. King ¹⁷³, G. Krintiras ¹⁷³, M. Lazarovits ¹⁷³, C. Le Mahieu ¹⁷³, J. Marquez ¹⁷³, M. Murray ¹⁷³, M. Nickel ¹⁷³, S. Popescu ^173,jjjj, C. Rogan ¹⁷³, C. Royon ¹⁷³, S. Rudrabhatla ¹⁷³, S. Sanders ¹⁷³, C. Smith ¹⁷³, G. Wilson ¹⁷³, B. Allmond ¹⁷⁴, N. Islam¹⁷⁴, A. Ivanov ¹⁷⁴, K. Kaadze ¹⁷⁴, Y. Maravin ¹⁷⁴, J. Natoli ¹⁷⁴, G. G. Reddy ¹⁷⁴, D. Roy ¹⁷⁴, G. Sorrentino ¹⁷⁴, A. Baden ¹⁷⁵, A. Belloni ¹⁷⁵, J. Bistany-riebman¹⁷⁵, S. C. Eno ¹⁷⁵, N. J. Hadley ¹⁷⁵, S. Jabeen ¹⁷⁵, R. G. Kellogg ¹⁷⁵, T. Koeth ¹⁷⁵, B. Kronheim¹⁷⁵, S. Lascio ¹⁷⁵, P. Major ¹⁷⁵, A. C. Mignerey ¹⁷⁵, C. Palmer ¹⁷⁵, C. Papageorgakis ¹⁷⁵, M. M. Paranjpe¹⁷⁵, E. Popova ^175,kkkk, A. Shevelev ¹⁷⁵, L. Zhang ¹⁷⁵, C. Baldenegro Barrera ¹⁷⁶, H. Bossi ¹⁷⁶, S. Bright-Thonney ¹⁷⁶, I. A. Cali ¹⁷⁶, T. Canetti¹⁷⁶, Y. c. Chen ¹⁷⁶, P. c. Chou ¹⁷⁶, M. D’Alfonso ¹⁷⁶, K. Devereaux¹⁷⁶, J. Eysermans ¹⁷⁶, C. Freer ¹⁷⁶, G. Gomez-Ceballos ¹⁷⁶, M. Goncharov¹⁷⁶, G. Grosso ¹⁷⁶, P. Harris¹⁷⁶, D. Hoang ¹⁷⁶, A. Holtermann ¹⁷⁶, G. M. Innocenti ¹⁷⁶, K. Ivanov ¹⁷⁶, D. Kovalskyi ¹⁷⁶, J. Krupa ¹⁷⁶, J. Lang ¹⁷⁶, L. Lavezzo ¹⁷⁶, Y.-J. Lee ¹⁷⁶, K. Long ¹⁷⁶, C. Mcginn ¹⁷⁶, A. Novak ¹⁷⁶, M. I. Park ¹⁷⁶, C. Paus ¹⁷⁶, C. Reissel ¹⁷⁶, C. Roland ¹⁷⁶, G. Roland ¹⁷⁶, X. Rong¹⁷⁶, S. Rothman ¹⁷⁶, T. a. Sheng ¹⁷⁶, G. S. F. Stephans ¹⁷⁶, D. Walter ¹⁷⁶, J. Wang¹⁷⁶, Z. Wang ¹⁷⁶, B. Wyslouch ¹⁷⁶, T. J. Yang ¹⁷⁶, A. Alpana ¹⁷⁷, B. Crossman ¹⁷⁷, W. J. Jackson¹⁷⁷, C. Kapsiak ¹⁷⁷, M. Krohn ¹⁷⁷, D. Mahon ¹⁷⁷, J. Mans ¹⁷⁷, B. Marzocchi ¹⁷⁷, R. Rusack ¹⁷⁷, O. Sancar ¹⁷⁷, R. Saradhy ¹⁷⁷, N. Strobbe ¹⁷⁷, K. Bloom ¹⁷⁸, D. R. Claes ¹⁷⁸, G. Haza ¹⁷⁸, J. Hossain ¹⁷⁸, C. Joo ¹⁷⁸, I. Kravchenko ¹⁷⁸, K. H. M. Kwok ¹⁷⁸, A. Rohilla ¹⁷⁸, J. E. Siado ¹⁷⁸, W. Tabb ¹⁷⁸, A. Vagnerini ¹⁷⁸, A. Wightman ¹⁷⁸, F. Yan ¹⁷⁸, H. Bandyopadhyay ¹⁷⁹, L. Hay ¹⁷⁹, H. w. Hsia ¹⁷⁹, I. Iashvili ¹⁷⁹, A. Kalogeropoulos ¹⁷⁹, A. Kharchilava ¹⁷⁹, A. Mandal ¹⁷⁹, M. Morris ¹⁷⁹, D. Nguyen ¹⁷⁹, S. Rappoccio ¹⁷⁹, H. Rejeb Sfar¹⁷⁹, A. Williams ¹⁷⁹, D. Yu ¹⁷⁹, A. Aarif ¹⁸⁰, G. Alverson ¹⁸⁰, E. Barberis ¹⁸⁰, J. Bonilla ¹⁸⁰, B. Bylsma¹⁸⁰, M. Campana ¹⁸⁰, J. Dervan ¹⁸⁰, Y. Haddad ¹⁸⁰, Y. Han ¹⁸⁰, I. Israr ¹⁸⁰, A. Krishna ¹⁸⁰, M. Lu ¹⁸⁰, N. Manganelli ¹⁸⁰, R. Mccarthy ¹⁸⁰, D. M. Morse ¹⁸⁰, T. Orimoto ¹⁸⁰, L. Skinnari ¹⁸⁰, C. S. Thoreson ¹⁸⁰, E. Tsai ¹⁸⁰, D. Wood ¹⁸⁰, S. Dittmer ¹⁸¹, K. A. Hahn ¹⁸¹, M. Mcginnis ¹⁸¹, Y. Miao ¹⁸¹, D. G. Monk ¹⁸¹, M. H. Schmitt ¹⁸¹, A. Taliercio ¹⁸¹, M. Velasco ¹⁸¹, J. Wang¹⁸¹, G. Agarwal ¹⁸², R. Band ¹⁸², R. Bucci¹⁸², S. Castells ¹⁸², A. Das ¹⁸², A. Datta ¹⁸², A. Ehnis¹⁸², R. Goldouzian ¹⁸², M. Hildreth ¹⁸², K. Hurtado Anampa ¹⁸², T. Ivanov ¹⁸², C. Jessop ¹⁸², A. Karneyeu ¹⁸², K. Lannon ¹⁸², J. Lawrence ¹⁸², N. Loukas ¹⁸², L. Lutton ¹⁸², J. Mariano ¹⁸², N. Marinelli¹⁸², T. McCauley ¹⁸², C. Mcgrady ¹⁸², C. Moore ¹⁸², Y. Musienko ^182,kkkk, H. Nelson ¹⁸², M. Osherson ¹⁸², A. Piccinelli ¹⁸², R. Ruchti ¹⁸², A. Townsend ¹⁸², Y. Wan¹⁸², M. Wayne ¹⁸², H. Yockey¹⁸², M. Carrigan ¹⁸³, R. De Los Santos ¹⁸³, L. S. Durkin ¹⁸³, C. Hill ¹⁸³, M. Joyce ¹⁸³, D. A. Wenzl¹⁸³, B. L. Winer ¹⁸³, B. R. Yates ¹⁸³, H. Bouchamaoui ¹⁸⁴, G. Dezoort ¹⁸⁴, P. Elmer ¹⁸⁴, A. Frankenthal ¹⁸⁴, M. Galli ¹⁸⁴, B. Greenberg ¹⁸⁴, N. Haubrich ¹⁸⁴, K. Kennedy¹⁸⁴, G. Kopp ¹⁸⁴, Y. Lai ¹⁸⁴, D. Lange ¹⁸⁴, A. Loeliger ¹⁸⁴, D. Marlow ¹⁸⁴, I. Ojalvo ¹⁸⁴, J. Olsen ¹⁸⁴, F. Simpson ¹⁸⁴, D. Stickland ¹⁸⁴, C. Tully ¹⁸⁴, S. Malik ¹⁸⁵, R. Sharma ¹⁸⁵, S. Chandra ¹⁸⁶, A. Gu ¹⁸⁶, L. Gutay¹⁸⁶, M. Huwiler ¹⁸⁶, M. Jones ¹⁸⁶, A. W. Jung ¹⁸⁶, D. Kondratyev ¹⁸⁶, J. Li ¹⁸⁶, M. Liu ¹⁸⁶, G. Negro ¹⁸⁶, N. Neumeister ¹⁸⁶, G. Paspalaki ¹⁸⁶, S. Piperov ¹⁸⁶, N. R. Saha ¹⁸⁶, J. F. Schulte ¹⁸⁶, F. Wang ¹⁸⁶, A. Wildridge ¹⁸⁶, W. Xie ¹⁸⁶, Y. Yao ¹⁸⁶, Y. Zhong ¹⁸⁶, N. Parashar ¹⁸⁷, A. Pathak ¹⁸⁷, E. Shumka ¹⁸⁷, D. Acosta ¹⁸⁸, A. Agrawal ¹⁸⁸, C. Arbour ¹⁸⁸, T. Carnahan ¹⁸⁸, P. Das ¹⁸⁸, K. M. Ecklund ¹⁸⁸, F. J. M. Geurts ¹⁸⁸, T. Huang ¹⁸⁸, I. Krommydas ¹⁸⁸, N. Lewis¹⁸⁸, W. Li ¹⁸⁸, J. Lin ¹⁸⁸, C. Loizides ¹⁸⁸, O. Miguel Colin ¹⁸⁸, B. P. Padley ¹⁸⁸, R. Redjimi ¹⁸⁸, J. Rotter ¹⁸⁸, C. Vico Villalba ¹⁸⁸, M. Wulansatiti ¹⁸⁸, E. Yigitbasi ¹⁸⁸, Y. Zhang ¹⁸⁸, O. Bessidskaia Bylund¹⁸⁹, A. Bodek ¹⁸⁹, P. de Barbaro ^189,a, R. Demina ¹⁸⁹, A. Garcia-Bellido ¹⁸⁹, H. S. Hare ¹⁸⁹, O. Hindrichs ¹⁸⁹, N. Parmar ¹⁸⁹, P. Parygin ^189,kkkk, H. Seo ¹⁸⁹, R. Taus ¹⁸⁹, B. Chiarito¹⁹⁰, J. P. Chou ¹⁹⁰, S. V. Clark ¹⁹⁰, S. Donnelly¹⁹⁰, D. Gadkari ¹⁹⁰, Y. Gershtein ¹⁹⁰, E. Halkiadakis ¹⁹⁰, C. Houghton ¹⁹⁰, D. Jaroslawski ¹⁹⁰, A. Kobert ¹⁹⁰, I. Laflotte ¹⁹⁰, A. Lath ¹⁹⁰, J. Martins ¹⁹⁰, M. Perez Prada ¹⁹⁰, B. Rand ¹⁹⁰, J. Reichert ¹⁹⁰, P. Saha ¹⁹⁰, S. Salur ¹⁹⁰, S. Schnetzer¹⁹⁰, S. Somalwar ¹⁹⁰, R. Stone ¹⁹⁰, S. A. Thayil ¹⁹⁰, S. Thomas¹⁹⁰, J. Vora ¹⁹⁰, D. Ally ¹⁹¹, A. G. Delannoy ¹⁹¹, S. Fiorendi ¹⁹¹, J. Harris¹⁹¹, T. Holmes ¹⁹¹, A. R. Kanuganti ¹⁹¹, N. Karunarathna ¹⁹¹, J. Lawless¹⁹¹, L. Lee ¹⁹¹, E. Nibigira ¹⁹¹, B. Skipworth¹⁹¹, S. Spanier ¹⁹¹, D. Aebi ¹⁹², M. Ahmad ¹⁹², T. Akhter ¹⁹², K. Androsov ¹⁹², A. Basnet ¹⁹², A. Bolshov¹⁹², O. Bouhali ^192,llll, A. Cagnotta ¹⁹², V. D’Amante ¹⁹², R. Eusebi ¹⁹², P. Flanagan ¹⁹², J. Gilmore ¹⁹², Y. Guo¹⁹², T. Kamon ¹⁹², S. Luo ¹⁹², R. Mueller ¹⁹², A. Safonov ¹⁹², N. Akchurin ¹⁹³, J. Damgov ¹⁹³, Y. Feng ¹⁹³, N. Gogate ¹⁹³, W. Jin ¹⁹³, Y. Kazhykarim¹⁹³, K. Lamichhane ¹⁹³, S. W. Lee ¹⁹³, C. Madrid ¹⁹³, A. Mankel ¹⁹³, T. Peltola ¹⁹³, I. Volobouev ¹⁹³, E. Appelt ¹⁹⁴, Y. Chen ¹⁹⁴, S. Greene¹⁹⁴, A. Gurrola ¹⁹⁴, W. Johns ¹⁹⁴, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli ¹⁹⁴, A. Melo ¹⁹⁴, D. Rathjens ¹⁹⁴, F. Romeo ¹⁹⁴, P. Sheldon ¹⁹⁴, S. Tuo ¹⁹⁴, J. Velkovska ¹⁹⁴, J. Viinikainen ¹⁹⁴, J. Zhang¹⁹⁴, B. Cardwell ¹⁹⁵, H. Chung ¹⁹⁵, B. Cox ¹⁹⁵, J. Hakala ¹⁹⁵, G. Hamilton Ilha Machado¹⁹⁵, R. Hirosky ¹⁹⁵, M. Jose¹⁹⁵, A. Ledovskoy ¹⁹⁵, C. Mantilla ¹⁹⁵, C. Neu ¹⁹⁵, C. Ramón Álvarez ¹⁹⁵, Z. Wu¹⁹⁵, S. Bhattacharya ¹⁹⁶, P. E. Karchin ¹⁹⁶, A. Aravind ¹⁹⁷, S. Banerjee ¹⁹⁷, K. Black ¹⁹⁷, T. Bose ¹⁹⁷, E. Chavez ¹⁹⁷, S. Dasu ¹⁹⁷, P. Everaerts ¹⁹⁷, C. Galloni¹⁹⁷, H. He ¹⁹⁷, M. Herndon ¹⁹⁷, A. Herve ¹⁹⁷, C. K. Koraka ¹⁹⁷, S. Lomte ¹⁹⁷, R. Loveless ¹⁹⁷, A. Mallampalli ¹⁹⁷, A. Mohammadi ¹⁹⁷, S. Mondal¹⁹⁷, T. Nelson¹⁹⁷, G. Parida ¹⁹⁷, L. Pétré ¹⁹⁷, D. Pinna ¹⁹⁷, A. Savin¹⁹⁷, V. Shang ¹⁹⁷, V. Sharma ¹⁹⁷, W. H. Smith ¹⁹⁷, D. Teague¹⁹⁷, H. F. Tsoi ¹⁹⁷, W. Vetens ¹⁹⁷, A. Warden ¹⁹⁷, S. Afanasiev ¹⁹⁸, V. Alexakhin ¹⁹⁸, Yu. Andreev ¹⁹⁸, T. Aushev ¹⁹⁸, D. Budkouski ¹⁹⁸, R. Chistov ¹⁹⁸, M. Danilov ¹⁹⁸, T. Dimova ¹⁹⁸, A. Ershov ¹⁹⁸, S. Gninenko ¹⁹⁸, I. Gorbunov ¹⁹⁸, A. Gribushin ¹⁹⁸, A. Kamenev ¹⁹⁸, V. Karjavine ¹⁹⁸, M. Kirsanov ¹⁹⁸, V. Klyukhin ¹⁹⁸, O. Kodolova ^198,mmmm, V. Korenkov ¹⁹⁸, I. Korsakov¹⁹⁸, A. Kozyrev ¹⁹⁸, N. Krasnikov ¹⁹⁸, A. Lanev ¹⁹⁸, A. Malakhov ¹⁹⁸, V. Matveev ¹⁹⁸, A. Nikitenko ^{198,mmmm,nnnn}, V. Palichik ¹⁹⁸, V. Perelygin ¹⁹⁸, S. Petrushanko ¹⁹⁸, O. Radchenko ¹⁹⁸, M. Savina ¹⁹⁸, V. Shalaev ¹⁹⁸, S. Shmatov ¹⁹⁸, S. Shulha ¹⁹⁸, Y. Skovpen ¹⁹⁸, K. Slizhevskiy¹⁹⁸, V. Smirnov ¹⁹⁸, O. Teryaev ¹⁹⁸, I. Tlisova ¹⁹⁸, A. Toropin ¹⁹⁸, N. Voytishin ¹⁹⁸, A. Zarubin ¹⁹⁸, I. Zhizhin ¹⁹⁸, L. Dudko ¹⁹⁹, V. Kim ^199,kkkk, V. Murzin ¹⁹⁹, V. Oreshkin ¹⁹⁹, D. Sosnov ¹⁹⁹, E. Boos ¹⁹⁹, V. Bunichev ¹⁹⁹, M. Dubinin ^199,dddd, V. Savrin ¹⁹⁹, and A. Snigirev ¹⁹⁹ (CMS Collaboration)

¹Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
²Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria
³Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
⁴Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
⁵Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
⁶Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
⁷Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
⁸Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁹Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
¹⁰Universidade Estadual Paulista, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
¹¹Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹²University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹³Instituto De Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7 D, Arica, Chile
¹⁴Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile
¹⁵Beihang University, Beijing, China
¹⁶Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
¹⁷Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
¹⁸State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
¹⁹State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
²⁰Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
²¹University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
²²Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
²³Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE)—Fudan University, Shanghai, China
²⁴Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
²⁵Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
²⁶Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
²⁷University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Split, Croatia
²⁸University of Split, Faculty of Science, Split, Croatia
²⁹Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia
³⁰University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
³¹Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
³²Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
³³Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
³⁴Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt, Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Egypt
³⁵Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU), Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
³⁶National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
³⁷Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
³⁸Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
³⁹Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
⁴⁰IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁴¹Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
⁴²Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
⁴³Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France
⁴⁴Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), Villeurbanne, France
⁴⁵Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
⁴⁶RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁷RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁸RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁹Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
⁵⁰University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
⁵¹Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany
⁵²Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP), NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
⁵³National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵⁴National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵⁵University of Ioánnina, Ioánnina, Greece
⁵⁶HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁷MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁸Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
⁵⁹HUN-REN ATOMKI—Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
⁶⁰Karoly Robert Campus, MATE Institute of Technology, Gyongyos, Hungary
⁶¹IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
⁶²Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
⁶³University of Delhi, Delhi, India
⁶⁴Indian Institute of Technology Mandi (IIT-Mandi), Himachal Pradesh, India
⁶⁵University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
⁶⁶Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
⁶⁷Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
⁶⁸Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Madras, India
⁶⁹IISER Mohali, India, Mohali, India
⁷⁰Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-A, Mumbai, India
⁷¹Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-B, Mumbai, India
⁷²National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
⁷³Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
⁷⁴Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
⁷⁵Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
⁷⁶Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
⁷⁷University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
^78aINFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
^78bUniversità di Bari, Bari, Italy
^78cPolitecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
^79aINFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^79bUniversità di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^80aINFN Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
^80bUniversità di Catania, Catania, Italy
^81aINFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
^81bUniversità di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
⁸²INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
^83aINFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
^83bUniversità di Genova, Genova, Italy
^84aINFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
^84bUniversità di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
^85aINFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
^85bUniversità di Napoli “Federico II,” Napoli, Italy
^85cUniversità della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
^85dScuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), Napoli, Italy
^86aINFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
^86bUniversità di Padova, Padova, Italy
^86cUniversita degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
^87aINFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
^87bUniversità di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
^88aINFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
^88bUniversità di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
^89aINFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^89bUniversità di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^89cScuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^89dUniversità di Siena, Siena, Italy
^90aINFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
^90bSapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
^91aINFN Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
^91bUniversità di Torino, Torino, Italy
^91cUniversità del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
^92aINFN Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
^92bUniversità di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
⁹³Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
⁹⁴Department of Mathematics and Physics—GWNU, Gangneung, Korea
⁹⁵Chonnam National University, Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju, Korea
⁹⁶Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁷Korea University, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁸Kyung Hee University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁹Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
¹⁰⁰Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
¹⁰¹University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
¹⁰²Yonsei University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Korea
¹⁰³Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
¹⁰⁴College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East (AUM), Dasman, Kuwait
¹⁰⁵Kuwait University—College of Science—Department of Physics, Safat, Kuwait
¹⁰⁶Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
¹⁰⁷University of Latvia (LU), Riga, Latvia
¹⁰⁸Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
¹⁰⁹National Centre for Particle Physics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
¹¹⁰Universidad de Sonora (UNISON), Hermosillo, Mexico
¹¹¹Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
¹¹²Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
¹¹³Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
¹¹⁴University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
¹¹⁵University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
¹¹⁶National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
¹¹⁷AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
¹¹⁸National Centre for Nuclear Research, Swierk, Poland
¹¹⁹Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
¹²⁰Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
¹²¹Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisboa, Portugal
¹²²Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
¹²³VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
¹²⁴Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
¹²⁵Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
¹²⁶Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Espaciales de Asturias (ICTEA), Oviedo, Spain
¹²⁷Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
¹²⁸University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
¹²⁹University of Ruhuna, Department of Physics, Matara, Sri Lanka
¹³⁰CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
¹³¹PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences, Villigen, Switzerland
¹³²ETH Zurich—Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics (IPA), Zurich, Switzerland
¹³³Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
¹³⁴National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
¹³⁵National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
¹³⁶High Energy Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
¹³⁷Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
¹³⁸Çukurova University, Physics Department, Science and Art Faculty, Adana, Turkey
¹³⁹Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
¹⁴⁰Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara, Turkey
¹⁴¹Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹⁴²Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹⁴³Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹⁴⁴Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹⁴⁵Institute for Scintillation Materials of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
¹⁴⁶National Science Centre, Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkiv, Ukraine
¹⁴⁷University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
¹⁴⁸Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
¹⁴⁹Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
¹⁵⁰Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
¹⁵¹Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
¹⁵²Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
¹⁵³Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
¹⁵⁴The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
¹⁵⁵Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁵⁶Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
¹⁵⁷University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
¹⁵⁸University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
¹⁵⁹University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
¹⁶⁰University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
¹⁶¹University of California, Santa Barbara—Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California, USA
¹⁶²California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
¹⁶³Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
¹⁶⁴University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
¹⁶⁵Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
¹⁶⁶Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
¹⁶⁷University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
¹⁶⁸Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
¹⁶⁹Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
¹⁷⁰University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
¹⁷¹The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
¹⁷²Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
¹⁷³The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
¹⁷⁴Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
¹⁷⁵University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
¹⁷⁶Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁷⁷University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
¹⁷⁸University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
¹⁷⁹State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
¹⁸⁰Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁸¹Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
¹⁸²University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
¹⁸³The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
¹⁸⁴Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
¹⁸⁵University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
¹⁸⁶Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
¹⁸⁷Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana, USA
¹⁸⁸Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
¹⁸⁹University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
¹⁹⁰Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
¹⁹¹University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
¹⁹²Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
¹⁹³Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
¹⁹⁴Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
¹⁹⁵University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
¹⁹⁶Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
¹⁹⁷University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
¹⁹⁸An institute or international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
¹⁹⁹An institute formerly covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN

^*Full author list given at the end of the Letter.
^aDeceased.
^bAlso at Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.
^cAlso at TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
^dAlso at Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
^eAlso at FACAMP—Faculdades de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
^fAlso at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
^gAlso at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
^hAlso at The University of the State of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
ⁱAlso at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
^jAlso at School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
^kPresent address: Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
^lAlso at University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
^mAlso at The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
ⁿAlso at Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
^oAlso at Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
^pAlso at Suez University, Suez, Egypt.
^qPresent address: British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
^rAlso at Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
^sAlso at Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech)—Department of Computer Systems, Tallin, Estonia.
^tAlso at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
^uAlso at Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France.
^vAlso at Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
^wAlso at an institute formerly covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
^xAlso at University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
^yAlso at RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.
^zAlso at Bergische University Wuppertal (BUW), Wuppertal, Germany.
^aaAlso at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany.
^bbAlso at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Juelich, Germany.
^ccAlso at CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland.
^ddAlso at HUN-REN ATOMKI—Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary.
^eePresent address: Universitatea Babes-Bolyai—Facultatea de Fizica, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
^ffAlso at MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
^ggAlso at HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary.
^hhAlso at Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
ⁱⁱAlso at The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
^jjAlso at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
^kkAlso at University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
^llAlso at Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India.
^mmAlso at University of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India.
ⁿⁿAlso at Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India.
^ooAlso at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.
^ppAlso at Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
^qqAlso at Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
^rrAlso at Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran.
^ssAlso at Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
^ttAlso at Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
^uuAlso at Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Bologna, Italy.
^vvAlso at Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e di Struttura Della Materia, Catania, Italy.
^wwAlso at Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, Roma, Italy.
^xxAlso at Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Università di Napoli “Federico II,” Napoli, Italy.
^yyAlso at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA.
^zzAlso at Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden.
^aaaAlso at Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Perugia, Italy.
^bbbAlso at UPES—University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
^cccAlso at Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), Villeurbanne, France.
^dddAlso at Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
^eeeAlso at Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Nilaveli, Sri Lanka.
^fffAlso at Saegis Campus, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
^gggAlso at National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
^hhhAlso at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
ⁱⁱⁱAlso at Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
^jjjAlso at Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Vienna, Austria.
^kkkAlso at Near East University, Research Center of Experimental Health Science, Mersin, Turkey.
^lllAlso at Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
^mmmAlso at Istanbul Topkapi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
ⁿⁿⁿAlso at Izmir Bakircay University, Izmir, Turkey.
^oooAlso at Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
^pppAlso at Bozok Universitetesi Rektörlügü, Yozgat, Turkey.
^qqqAlso at Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^rrrAlso at Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^sssAlso at Milli Savunma University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^tttAlso at Informatics and Information Security Research Center, Gebze/Kocaeli, Turkey.
^uuuAlso at Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
^vvvPresent address: Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^wwwAlso at Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
^xxxAlso at Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^yyyAlso at School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
^zzzAlso at Monash University, Faculty of Science, Clayton, Australia.
^aaaaAlso at Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
^bbbbAlso at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey.
^ccccAlso at California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.
^ddddAlso at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
^eeeeAlso at United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, USA.
^ffffAlso at Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey.
^ggggAlso at Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
^hhhhAlso at Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey.
ⁱⁱⁱⁱAlso at Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
^jjjjAlso at Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest, Romania.
^kkkkPresent address: Another institute formerly covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
^llllAlso at Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar.
^mmmmAlso at Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia.
ⁿⁿⁿⁿAlso at Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.

PDF

Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 162301 – Published 22 April, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/89sf-9t1x

Abstract

A hot and dense state of nuclear matter, known as the quark-gluon plasma, is created in collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy nuclei. Highly energetic quarks and gluons, collectively referred to as partons, lose energy as they travel through this matter, leading to suppressed production of particles with large transverse momenta ( $p_{T}$ ). Conversely, high- $p_{T}$ particle suppression has not been seen in proton-lead collisions, raising questions regarding the minimum system size required to observe parton energy loss. Oxygen-oxygen (OO) collisions examine a region of effective system size that lies between these two extreme cases. The CMS detector at the CERN LHC has been used to quantify charged-particle production in inclusive OO collisions for the first time via measurements of the nuclear modification factor ( $R_{AA}$ ). The $R_{AA}$ is derived by comparing particle production to expectations based on proton-proton ( $p p$ ) data and has a value of unity in the absence of nuclear effects. The data for OO and $p p$ collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.36 TeV$ correspond to integrated luminosities of $6.1 {nb}^{- 1}$ and $1.02 {pb}^{- 1}$ , respectively. The $R_{AA}$ is below unity with a minimum of $0.69 \pm 0.04$ around $p_{T} = 6 GeV$ . The data exhibit better agreement with theoretical models incorporating parton energy loss as compared to baseline models without energy loss.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

synopsis

First Signs of Quark–Gluon Plasma in Oxygen–Oxygen Collisions

Published 22 April, 2026

Researchers at the Large Hadron Collider have observed evidence that indicates that even light nuclei can produce an exotic state of matter called quark–gluon plasma.

See more in Physics

Article Text

Supplemental Material

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 162301– Published 22 April, 2026

Vol. 136, Iss. 16 — 24 April 2026

Received 10 October 2025
Revised 3 February 2026
Accepted 24 February 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/89sf-9t1x

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by CERN.

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Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions

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First Signs of Quark–Gluon Plasma in Oxygen–Oxygen Collisions

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