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Electrical Control of Ultrafast Magnetic Speeds in Graphene Spin Field-Effect Junctions

David Muradas-Belinchón1,*, Suchetana Mukhopadhyay2,3,*, Francesco Foggetti1, Surya N. Panda2, Olof Karis1, Peter M. Oppeneer1, Anjan Barman2,†, and M. Venkata Kamalakar1,‡

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: abarman@bose.res.in
  • ‡Contact author: venkata.mutta@physics.uu.se
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 097001 – Published 28 August, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/7ldk-csp9

Abstract

We demonstrate ultrafast graphene spin-field-effect junctions, where gate-tunable superdiffusive spin currents across graphene-ferromagnet interfaces enable electric field control of magnetization dynamics in the ferromagnet. By electrostatically tuning the Fermi level in graphene underlying a cobalt thin film, we modulate the ultrafast spin transport across graphene-cobalt interfaces, reducing femtosecond laser-induced demagnetization time from 203 fs in bare cobalt thin films to 93 fs, a more than 100% increase in the rate of magnetization quenching. Supported by superdiffusive spin transport calculations, our findings unlock field-tunable magnetic speeds in devices, paving the way for innovations in subpicosecond spintronic memory-logic operations. Furthermore, this work creates new possibilities for electrical modulation of spin dynamics and ultrafast spin injection into two-dimensional quantum materials, with potential for next-generation quantum sensors and faster magnetic technologies.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 097001– Published 28 August, 2025
  • Received 28 January 2025
  • Revised 27 April 2025
  • Accepted 25 July 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by Bibsam.

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