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Breaking the Intrinsic Absorption Limit for Arbitrarily Thin Conductive Films at Grazing Incidence
Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 046902 – Published 28 January, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/71vr-lb26
Abstract
The absorption properties of ultrathin conductive films are of fundamental significance in electromagnetics and photonics, impacting applications from radar stealth to two-dimensional material optoelectronics. For decades, a 50% absorption limit has been considered intrinsic to such films in symmetric environments, regardless of frequency or incident angle. Here, we demonstrate the breaking of this long-standing limit under grazing incidence, where the absorption was regarded as negligible due to extreme impedance mismatch. We reveal a previously unknown absorption limit of for grazing transverse-magnetic waves on arbitrarily thin, highly conductive films. This exceptional absorption arises from a pseudo-Brewster effect with minimal reflection and vanishing skin depth of grazing waves. Remarkably, the enhanced absorption is sustained across an ultrabroad frequency range. Terahertz experiments using deep-subwavelength doped silicon wafers validate our theoretical predictions. These findings fundamentally advance our understanding of wave-matter interactions at deep-subwavelength scales and pave the way for extreme-angle photonic and electromagnetic devices.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
synopsis
Breaking the Absorption Limit
Light grazing an ultrathin conductive film can be absorbed much more strongly than previously thought.
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