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    Spinning Black Holes in Modified Gravity via Spectral Methods

    Kelvin Ka-Ho Lam1,*, Adrian Ka-Wai Chung1,2,†, and Nicolás Yunes1

    • 1Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe and Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
    • 2DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom

    • *Contact author: khlam4@illinois.edu
    • †Contact author: akwchung@illinois.edu, kwc43@cam.ac.uk

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 021401 – Published 15 January, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/6z43-xdv7

    Abstract

    Rapidly rotating black-hole spacetimes outside general relativity are key to many tests of Einstein’s theory. We here develop an efficient spectral method to represent such spacetimes analytically, in closed-form, and to high accuracy, in a large class of effective-field-theory extensions of general relativity. We exemplify this method by constructing, for the first time, closed-form and analytic representations of spinning black holes in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet, dynamical Chern-Simons, and axidilaton gravity to an accuracy better than 10−8 for all dimensionless spins below 0.99.

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    See Also

    Analytic and accurate approximate metrics for black holes with arbitrary rotation in beyond-Einstein gravity using spectral methods

    Kelvin Ka-Ho Lam, Adrian Ka-Wai Chung, and Nicolás Yunes
    Phys. Rev. D 113, 024030 (2026)

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