Open Access

Observation of $Λ$ Hyperon Local Polarization in $p$ -Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16 TeV$

A. Hayrapetyan¹, A. Tumasyan ^1,b, W. Adam ², J. W. Andrejkovic², L. Benato ², T. Bergauer ², S. Chatterjee ², K. Damanakis ², M. Dragicevic ² et al. (CMS Collaboration)

M. Dragicevic ², P. S. Hussain ², M. Jeitler ^2,c, N. Krammer ², A. Li ², D. Liko ², I. Mikulec ², J. Schieck ^2,c, R. Schöfbeck ^2,c, D. Schwarz ², M. Sonawane ², W. Waltenberger ², C.-E. Wulz ^2,c, T. Janssen ³, T. Van Laer³, P. Van Mechelen ³, N. Breugelmans⁴, J. D’Hondt ⁴, S. Dansana ⁴, A. De Moor ⁴, M. Delcourt ⁴, F. Heyen⁴, S. Lowette ⁴, I. Makarenko ⁴, D. Müller ⁴, S. Tavernier ⁴, M. Tytgat ^4,d, G. P. Van Onsem ⁴, S. Van Putte ⁴, D. Vannerom ⁴, B. Bilin ⁵, B. Clerbaux ⁵, A. K. Das⁵, I. De Bruyn ⁵, G. De Lentdecker ⁵, H. Evard ⁵, L. Favart ⁵, P. Gianneios ⁵, J. Jaramillo ⁵, A. Khalilzadeh⁵, F. A. Khan ⁵, K. Lee ⁵, A. Malara ⁵, S. Paredes ⁵, M. A. Shahzad⁵, L. Thomas ⁵, M. Vanden Bemden ⁵, C. Vander Velde ⁵, P. Vanlaer ⁵, M. De Coen ⁶, D. Dobur ⁶, G. Gokbulut ⁶, Y. Hong ⁶, J. Knolle ⁶, L. Lambrecht ⁶, D. Marckx ⁶, K. Mota Amarilo ⁶, K. Skovpen ⁶, N. Van Den Bossche ⁶, J. van der Linden ⁶, L. Wezenbeek ⁶, A. Benecke ⁷, A. Bethani ⁷, G. Bruno ⁷, C. Caputo ⁷, J. De Favereau De Jeneret ⁷, C. Delaere ⁷, I. S. Donertas ⁷, A. Giammanco ⁷, A. O. Guzel ⁷, Sa. Jain ⁷, V. Lemaitre⁷, J. Lidrych ⁷, P. Mastrapasqua ⁷, T. T. Tran ⁷, G. A. Alves ⁸, E. Coelho ⁸, G. Correia Silva ⁸, C. Hensel ⁸, T. Menezes De Oliveira ⁸, C. Mora Herrera ^8,e, P. Rebello Teles ⁸, M. Soeiro⁸, A. Vilela Pereira ^8,e, W. L. Aldá Júnior ⁹, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho ⁹, H. Brandao Malbouisson ⁹, W. Carvalho ⁹, J. Chinellato^9,f, E. M. Da Costa ⁹, G. G. Da Silveira ^9,g, D. De Jesus Damiao ⁹, S. Fonseca De Souza ⁹, R. Gomes De Souza⁹, T. Laux Kuhn ^9,g, M. Macedo ⁹, J. Martins ⁹, L. Mundim ⁹, H. Nogima ⁹, J. P. Pinheiro ⁹, A. Santoro ⁹, A. Sznajder ⁹, M. Thiel ⁹, C. A. Bernardes ^10,g, L. Calligaris ¹⁰, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei¹⁰, E. M. Gregores ¹⁰, I. Maietto Silverio ¹⁰, P. G. Mercadante ¹⁰, S. F. Novaes ¹⁰, B. Orzari ¹⁰, Sandra S. Padula ¹⁰, A. Aleksandrov ¹¹, G. Antchev ¹¹, R. Hadjiiska ¹¹, P. Iaydjiev ¹¹, M. Misheva ¹¹, M. Shopova ¹¹, G. Sultanov ¹¹, A. Dimitrov ¹², L. 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James ¹²⁴, P. Janot ¹²⁴, O. Kaluzinska ¹²⁴, O. Karacheban ^124,bb, S. Laurila ¹²⁴, P. Lecoq ¹²⁴, E. Leutgeb ¹²⁴, C. Lourenço ¹²⁴, L. Malgeri ¹²⁴, M. Mannelli ¹²⁴, M. Matthewman¹²⁴, A. Mehta ¹²⁴, F. Meijers ¹²⁴, S. Mersi ¹²⁴, E. Meschi ¹²⁴, V. Milosevic ¹²⁴, F. Monti ¹²⁴, F. Moortgat ¹²⁴, M. Mulders ¹²⁴, I. Neutelings ¹²⁴, S. Orfanelli¹²⁴, F. Pantaleo ¹²⁴, G. Petrucciani ¹²⁴, A. Pfeiffer ¹²⁴, M. Pierini ¹²⁴, H. Qu ¹²⁴, D. Rabady ¹²⁴, B. Ribeiro Lopes ¹²⁴, F. Riti ¹²⁴, M. Rovere ¹²⁴, H. Sakulin ¹²⁴, R. Salvatico ¹²⁴, S. Sanchez Cruz ¹²⁴, S. Scarfi ¹²⁴, C. Schwick¹²⁴, M. Selvaggi ¹²⁴, A. Sharma ¹²⁴, K. Shchelina ¹²⁴, P. Silva ¹²⁴, P. Sphicas ^124,iii, A. G. Stahl Leiton ¹²⁴, A. Steen ¹²⁴, S. Summers ¹²⁴, D. Treille ¹²⁴, P. Tropea ¹²⁴, D. Walter ¹²⁴, J. Wanczyk ^124,jjj, J. Wang ¹²⁴, K. A. Wozniak ^124,kkk, S. Wuchterl ¹²⁴, P. Zehetner ¹²⁴, P. Zejdl ¹²⁴, W. D. Zeuner¹²⁴, T. Bevilacqua ^125,lll, L. Caminada ^125,lll, A. Ebrahimi ¹²⁵, W. Erdmann ¹²⁵, R. Horisberger ¹²⁵, Q. Ingram ¹²⁵, H. C. Kaestli ¹²⁵, D. Kotlinski ¹²⁵, C. Lange ¹²⁵, M. Missiroli ^125,lll, L. Noehte ^125,lll, T. Rohe ¹²⁵, A. Samalan¹²⁵, T. K. Aarrestad ¹²⁶, M. Backhaus ¹²⁶, G. Bonomelli ¹²⁶, A. Calandri ¹²⁶, C. Cazzaniga ¹²⁶, K. Datta ¹²⁶, P. De Bryas Dexmiers D‘archiac ^126,jjj, A. De Cosa ¹²⁶, G. Dissertori ¹²⁶, M. Dittmar¹²⁶, M. Donegà ¹²⁶, F. Eble ¹²⁶, M. Galli ¹²⁶, K. Gedia ¹²⁶, F. Glessgen ¹²⁶, C. Grab ¹²⁶, N. Härringer ¹²⁶, T. G. Harte¹²⁶, D. Hits ¹²⁶, W. Lustermann ¹²⁶, A.-M. Lyon ¹²⁶, R. A. Manzoni ¹²⁶, M. Marchegiani ¹²⁶, L. Marchese ¹²⁶, C. Martin Perez ¹²⁶, A. Mascellani ^126,jjj, F. Nessi-Tedaldi ¹²⁶, F. Pauss ¹²⁶, V. Perovic ¹²⁶, S. Pigazzini ¹²⁶, B. Ristic ¹²⁶, R. Seidita ¹²⁶, J. Steggemann ^126,jjj, A. Tarabini ¹²⁶, D. Valsecchi ¹²⁶, R. Wallny ¹²⁶, C. Amsler ^127,mmm, P. Bärtschi ¹²⁷, M. F. Canelli ¹²⁷, K. Cormier ¹²⁷, M. Huwiler ¹²⁷, W. Jin ¹²⁷, A. Jofrehei ¹²⁷, B. Kilminster ¹²⁷, S. Leontsinis ¹²⁷, S. P. Liechti ¹²⁷, A. Macchiolo ¹²⁷, P. Meiring ¹²⁷, F. Meng ¹²⁷, J. Motta ¹²⁷, A. Reimers ¹²⁷, P. Robmann¹²⁷, M. Senger ¹²⁷, E. Shokr¹²⁷, F. Stäger ¹²⁷, R. Tramontano ¹²⁷, C. Adloff^128,nnn, D. Bhowmik¹²⁸, C. M. Kuo¹²⁸, W. Lin¹²⁸, P. K. Rout ¹²⁸, P. C. Tiwari ^128,ll, L. Ceard¹²⁹, K. F. Chen ¹²⁹, Z. g. Chen¹²⁹, A. De Iorio ¹²⁹, W.-S. Hou ¹²⁹, T. h. Hsu¹²⁹, Y. w. Kao¹²⁹, S. Karmakar ¹²⁹, G. Kole ¹²⁹, Y. y. Li ¹²⁹, R.-S. Lu ¹²⁹, E. Paganis ¹²⁹, X. f. Su ¹²⁹, J. Thomas-Wilsker ¹²⁹, L. s. Tsai¹²⁹, D. Tsionou¹²⁹, H. y. Wu¹²⁹, E. Yazgan ¹²⁹, C. Asawatangtrakuldee ¹³⁰, N. Srimanobhas ¹³⁰, V. Wachirapusitanand ¹³⁰, D. Agyel ¹³¹, F. Boran ¹³¹, F. Dolek ¹³¹, I. Dumanoglu ^131,ooo, E. Eskut ¹³¹, Y. Guler ^131,ppp, E. Gurpinar Guler ^131,ppp, C. Isik ¹³¹, O. Kara¹³¹, A. Kayis Topaksu ¹³¹, U. Kiminsu ¹³¹, Y. Komurcu ¹³¹, G. Onengut ¹³¹, K. Ozdemir ^131,qqq, A. Polatoz ¹³¹, B. Tali ^131,rrr, U. G. Tok ¹³¹, S. Turkcapar ¹³¹, E. Uslan ¹³¹, I. S. Zorbakir ¹³¹, G. Sokmen¹³², M. Yalvac ^132,sss, B. Akgun ¹³³, I. O. Atakisi ¹³³, E. Gülmez ¹³³, M. Kaya ^133,ttt, O. Kaya ^133,uuu, S. Tekten ^133,vvv, A. Cakir ¹³⁴, K. Cankocak ^134,ooo,www, G. G. Dincer ^134,ooo, S. Sen ^134,xxx, O. Aydilek ^135,yyy, B. Hacisahinoglu ¹³⁵, I. Hos ^135,zzz, B. Kaynak ¹³⁵, S. Ozkorucuklu ¹³⁵, O. Potok ¹³⁵, H. Sert ¹³⁵, C. Simsek ¹³⁵, C. Zorbilmez ¹³⁵, S. Cerci ¹³⁶, B. Isildak ^136,aaaa, D. Sunar Cerci ¹³⁶, T. Yetkin ¹³⁶, A. Boyaryntsev ¹³⁷, B. Grynyov ¹³⁷, L. Levchuk ¹³⁸, D. Anthony ¹³⁹, J. J. Brooke ¹³⁹, A. Bundock ¹³⁹, F. Bury ¹³⁹, E. Clement ¹³⁹, D. Cussans ¹³⁹, H. Flacher ¹³⁹, M. Glowacki¹³⁹, J. Goldstein ¹³⁹, H. F. Heath ¹³⁹, M.-L. Holmberg ¹³⁹, L. Kreczko ¹³⁹, S. Paramesvaran ¹³⁹, L. Robertshaw¹³⁹, V. J. Smith ¹³⁹, K. Walkingshaw Pass¹³⁹, A. H. Ball¹⁴⁰, K. W. Bell ¹⁴⁰, A. Belyaev ^140,bbbb, C. Brew ¹⁴⁰, R. M. Brown ¹⁴⁰, D. J. A. Cockerill ¹⁴⁰, C. Cooke ¹⁴⁰, A. Elliot ¹⁴⁰, K. V. Ellis¹⁴⁰, K. Harder ¹⁴⁰, S. Harper ¹⁴⁰, J. Linacre ¹⁴⁰, K. Manolopoulos¹⁴⁰, D. M. Newbold ¹⁴⁰, E. Olaiya¹⁴⁰, D. Petyt ¹⁴⁰, T. Reis ¹⁴⁰, A. R. Sahasransu ¹⁴⁰, G. Salvi ¹⁴⁰, T. Schuh¹⁴⁰, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous ¹⁴⁰, I. R. Tomalin ¹⁴⁰, K. C. Whalen ¹⁴⁰, T. Williams ¹⁴⁰, I. Andreou ¹⁴¹, R. Bainbridge ¹⁴¹, P. Bloch ¹⁴¹, C. E. Brown ¹⁴¹, O. Buchmuller¹⁴¹, C. A. Carrillo Montoya ¹⁴¹, G. S. Chahal ^141,cccc, D. Colling ¹⁴¹, J. S. Dancu¹⁴¹, I. Das ¹⁴¹, P. Dauncey ¹⁴¹, G. Davies ¹⁴¹, M. Della Negra ¹⁴¹, S. Fayer¹⁴¹, G. Fedi ¹⁴¹, G. Hall ¹⁴¹, A. Howard¹⁴¹, G. Iles ¹⁴¹, C. R. Knight ¹⁴¹, P. Krueper¹⁴¹, J. Langford ¹⁴¹, K. H. Law ¹⁴¹, J. León Holgado¹⁴¹, L. Lyons ¹⁴¹, A.-M. Magnan ¹⁴¹, B. Maier ¹⁴¹, S. Mallios¹⁴¹, M. Mieskolainen ¹⁴¹, J. Nash ^141,dddd, M. Pesaresi ¹⁴¹, P. B. Pradeep¹⁴¹, B. C. Radburn-Smith ¹⁴¹, A. Richards¹⁴¹, A. Rose ¹⁴¹, K. Savva ¹⁴¹, C. Seez ¹⁴¹, R. Shukla ¹⁴¹, A. Tapper ¹⁴¹, K. Uchida ¹⁴¹, G. P. Uttley ¹⁴¹, T. Virdee ^141,dd, M. Vojinovic ¹⁴¹, N. Wardle ¹⁴¹, D. Winterbottom ¹⁴¹, J. E. Cole ¹⁴², A. Khan¹⁴², P. Kyberd ¹⁴², I. D. Reid ¹⁴², S. Abdullin ¹⁴³, A. Brinkerhoff ¹⁴³, E. Collins ¹⁴³, M. R. Darwish ¹⁴³, J. Dittmann ¹⁴³, K. Hatakeyama ¹⁴³, J. 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Kim ¹⁵⁹, T. Kolberg ¹⁵⁹, G. Martinez¹⁵⁹, H. Prosper ¹⁵⁹, P. R. Prova¹⁵⁹, M. Wulansatiti ¹⁵⁹, R. Yohay ¹⁵⁹, J. Zhang¹⁵⁹, B. Alsufyani ¹⁶⁰, M. M. Baarmand ¹⁶⁰, S. Butalla ¹⁶⁰, S. Das ¹⁶⁰, T. Elkafrawy ^160,jjjj, M. Hohlmann ¹⁶⁰, E. Yanes¹⁶⁰, M. R. Adams ¹⁶¹, A. Baty ¹⁶¹, C. Bennett¹⁶¹, R. Cavanaugh ¹⁶¹, R. Escobar Franco ¹⁶¹, O. Evdokimov ¹⁶¹, C. E. Gerber ¹⁶¹, M. Hawksworth¹⁶¹, A. Hingrajiya¹⁶¹, D. J. Hofman ¹⁶¹, J. h. Lee ¹⁶¹, D. S. Lemos ¹⁶¹, A. H. Merrit ¹⁶¹, C. Mills ¹⁶¹, S. Nanda ¹⁶¹, G. Oh ¹⁶¹, B. Ozek ¹⁶¹, D. Pilipovic ¹⁶¹, R. Pradhan ¹⁶¹, E. Prifti¹⁶¹, T. Roy ¹⁶¹, S. Rudrabhatla ¹⁶¹, N. Singh¹⁶¹, M. B. Tonjes ¹⁶¹, N. Varelas ¹⁶¹, M. A. Wadud ¹⁶¹, Z. Ye ¹⁶¹, J. Yoo ¹⁶¹, M. Alhusseini ¹⁶², D. Blend¹⁶², K. Dilsiz ^162,kkkk, L. Emediato ¹⁶², G. Karaman ¹⁶², O. K. Köseyan ¹⁶², J.-P. Merlo¹⁶², A. Mestvirishvili ^162,llll, O. Neogi¹⁶², H. Ogul ^162,mmmm, Y. Onel ¹⁶², A. Penzo ¹⁶², C. Snyder¹⁶², E. Tiras ^162,nnnn, B. Blumenfeld ¹⁶³, L. Corcodilos ¹⁶³, J. Davis ¹⁶³, A. V. Gritsan ¹⁶³, L. Kang ¹⁶³, S. Kyriacou ¹⁶³, P. Maksimovic ¹⁶³, M. Roguljic ¹⁶³, J. Roskes ¹⁶³, S. Sekhar ¹⁶³, M. Swartz ¹⁶³, A. Abreu ¹⁶⁴, L. F. Alcerro Alcerro ¹⁶⁴, J. Anguiano ¹⁶⁴, S. Arteaga Escatel ¹⁶⁴, P. Baringer ¹⁶⁴, A. Bean ¹⁶⁴, Z. Flowers ¹⁶⁴, D. Grove ¹⁶⁴, J. King ¹⁶⁴, G. Krintiras ¹⁶⁴, M. Lazarovits ¹⁶⁴, C. Le Mahieu ¹⁶⁴, J. Marquez ¹⁶⁴, M. Murray ¹⁶⁴, M. Nickel ¹⁶⁴, M. Pitt ¹⁶⁴, S. Popescu ^164,oooo, C. Rogan ¹⁶⁴, C. Royon ¹⁶⁴, S. Sanders ¹⁶⁴, C. Smith ¹⁶⁴, G. Wilson ¹⁶⁴, B. Allmond ¹⁶⁵, R. Gujju Gurunadha ¹⁶⁵, A. Ivanov ¹⁶⁵, K. Kaadze ¹⁶⁵, Y. Maravin ¹⁶⁵, J. Natoli ¹⁶⁵, D. Roy ¹⁶⁵, G. Sorrentino ¹⁶⁵, A. Baden ¹⁶⁶, A. Belloni ¹⁶⁶, J. Bistany-riebman¹⁶⁶, Y. M. Chen ¹⁶⁶, S. C. Eno ¹⁶⁶, N. J. Hadley ¹⁶⁶, S. Jabeen ¹⁶⁶, R. G. Kellogg ¹⁶⁶, T. Koeth ¹⁶⁶, B. Kronheim¹⁶⁶, Y. Lai ¹⁶⁶, S. Lascio ¹⁶⁶, A. C. Mignerey ¹⁶⁶, S. Nabili ¹⁶⁶, C. Palmer ¹⁶⁶, C. Papageorgakis ¹⁶⁶, M. M. Paranjpe¹⁶⁶, E. Popova ^166,o, A. Shevelev ¹⁶⁶, L. Wang ¹⁶⁶, J. Bendavid ¹⁶⁷, I. A. Cali ¹⁶⁷, P. c. Chou ¹⁶⁷, M. D’Alfonso ¹⁶⁷, J. Eysermans ¹⁶⁷, C. Freer ¹⁶⁷, G. Gomez-Ceballos ¹⁶⁷, M. Goncharov¹⁶⁷, G. Grosso¹⁶⁷, P. Harris¹⁶⁷, D. Hoang¹⁶⁷, D. Kovalskyi ¹⁶⁷, J. Krupa ¹⁶⁷, L. Lavezzo ¹⁶⁷, Y.-J. Lee ¹⁶⁷, K. Long ¹⁶⁷, C. Mcginn ¹⁶⁷, A. Novak ¹⁶⁷, M. I. Park ¹⁶⁷, C. Paus ¹⁶⁷, C. Reissel ¹⁶⁷, C. Roland ¹⁶⁷, G. Roland ¹⁶⁷, S. Rothman ¹⁶⁷, G. S. F. Stephans ¹⁶⁷, Z. Wang¹⁶⁷, B. Wyslouch ¹⁶⁷, T. J. Yang ¹⁶⁷, B. Crossman ¹⁶⁸, B. M. Joshi ¹⁶⁸, C. Kapsiak ¹⁶⁸, M. Krohn ¹⁶⁸, D. Mahon ¹⁶⁸, J. Mans ¹⁶⁸, B. Marzocchi ¹⁶⁸, M. Revering ¹⁶⁸, R. Rusack ¹⁶⁸, R. Saradhy ¹⁶⁸, N. Strobbe ¹⁶⁸, K. Bloom ¹⁶⁹, D. R. Claes ¹⁶⁹, G. Haza ¹⁶⁹, J. Hossain ¹⁶⁹, C. Joo ¹⁶⁹, I. Kravchenko ¹⁶⁹, J. E. Siado ¹⁶⁹, W. Tabb ¹⁶⁹, A. Vagnerini ¹⁶⁹, A. Wightman ¹⁶⁹, F. Yan ¹⁶⁹, D. Yu ¹⁶⁹, H. Bandyopadhyay ¹⁷⁰, L. Hay ¹⁷⁰, H. w. Hsia ¹⁷⁰, I. Iashvili ¹⁷⁰, A. Kalogeropoulos ¹⁷⁰, A. Kharchilava ¹⁷⁰, M. Morris ¹⁷⁰, D. Nguyen ¹⁷⁰, S. Rappoccio ¹⁷⁰, H. Rejeb Sfar¹⁷⁰, A. Williams ¹⁷⁰, P. Young ¹⁷⁰, G. Alverson ¹⁷¹, E. Barberis ¹⁷¹, J. Bonilla ¹⁷¹, B. Bylsma¹⁷¹, M. Campana ¹⁷¹, J. Dervan ¹⁷¹, Y. Haddad ¹⁷¹, Y. Han ¹⁷¹, I. Israr ¹⁷¹, A. Krishna ¹⁷¹, J. Li ¹⁷¹, M. Lu ¹⁷¹, G. Madigan ¹⁷¹, R. Mccarthy ¹⁷¹, D. M. Morse ¹⁷¹, V. Nguyen ¹⁷¹, T. Orimoto ¹⁷¹, A. Parker ¹⁷¹, L. Skinnari ¹⁷¹, D. Wood ¹⁷¹, J. Bueghly¹⁷², S. Dittmer ¹⁷², K. A. Hahn ¹⁷², Y. Liu ¹⁷², M. Mcginnis ¹⁷², Y. Miao ¹⁷², D. G. Monk ¹⁷², M. H. Schmitt ¹⁷², A. Taliercio ¹⁷², M. Velasco¹⁷², G. Agarwal ¹⁷³, R. Band ¹⁷³, R. Bucci¹⁷³, S. Castells ¹⁷³, A. Das ¹⁷³, R. Goldouzian ¹⁷³, M. Hildreth ¹⁷³, K. W. Ho ¹⁷³, K. Hurtado Anampa ¹⁷³, T. Ivanov ¹⁷³, C. Jessop ¹⁷³, K. Lannon ¹⁷³, J. Lawrence ¹⁷³, N. Loukas ¹⁷³, L. Lutton ¹⁷³, J. Mariano¹⁷³, N. Marinelli¹⁷³, I. Mcalister¹⁷³, T. McCauley ¹⁷³, C. Mcgrady ¹⁷³, C. Moore ¹⁷³, Y. Musienko ^173,o, H. Nelson ¹⁷³, M. Osherson ¹⁷³, A. Piccinelli ¹⁷³, R. Ruchti ¹⁷³, A. Townsend ¹⁷³, Y. Wan¹⁷³, M. Wayne ¹⁷³, H. Yockey¹⁷³, M. Zarucki ¹⁷³, L. Zygala ¹⁷³, A. Basnet ¹⁷⁴, M. Carrigan ¹⁷⁴, L. S. Durkin ¹⁷⁴, C. Hill ¹⁷⁴, M. Joyce ¹⁷⁴, M. Nunez Ornelas ¹⁷⁴, K. Wei¹⁷⁴, D. A. Wenzl¹⁷⁴, B. L. Winer ¹⁷⁴, B. R. Yates ¹⁷⁴, H. Bouchamaoui ¹⁷⁵, K. Coldham¹⁷⁵, P. Das ¹⁷⁵, G. Dezoort ¹⁷⁵, P. Elmer ¹⁷⁵, A. Frankenthal ¹⁷⁵, B. Greenberg ¹⁷⁵, N. Haubrich ¹⁷⁵, K. Kennedy¹⁷⁵, G. Kopp ¹⁷⁵, S. Kwan ¹⁷⁵, D. Lange ¹⁷⁵, A. Loeliger ¹⁷⁵, D. Marlow ¹⁷⁵, I. Ojalvo ¹⁷⁵, J. Olsen ¹⁷⁵, D. Stickland ¹⁷⁵, C. Tully ¹⁷⁵, L. H. Vage¹⁷⁵, S. Malik ¹⁷⁶, R. Sharma¹⁷⁶, A. S. Bakshi ¹⁷⁷, S. Chandra ¹⁷⁷, R. Chawla ¹⁷⁷, A. Gu ¹⁷⁷, L. Gutay¹⁷⁷, M. Jones ¹⁷⁷, A. W. Jung ¹⁷⁷, A. M. Koshy¹⁷⁷, M. Liu ¹⁷⁷, G. Negro ¹⁷⁷, N. Neumeister ¹⁷⁷, G. Paspalaki ¹⁷⁷, S. Piperov ¹⁷⁷, V. Scheurer¹⁷⁷, J. F. Schulte ¹⁷⁷, M. Stojanovic ¹⁷⁷, J. Thieman ¹⁷⁷, A. K. Virdi ¹⁷⁷, F. Wang ¹⁷⁷, A. Wildridge ¹⁷⁷, W. Xie ¹⁷⁷, Y. Yao ¹⁷⁷, J. Dolen ¹⁷⁸, N. Parashar ¹⁷⁸, A. Pathak ¹⁷⁸, D. Acosta ¹⁷⁹, T. Carnahan ¹⁷⁹, K. M. Ecklund ¹⁷⁹, P. J. Fernández Manteca¹⁷⁹, S. Freed¹⁷⁹, P. Gardner¹⁷⁹, F. J. M. Geurts ¹⁷⁹, I. Krommydas ¹⁷⁹, W. Li ¹⁷⁹, J. Lin ¹⁷⁹, O. Miguel Colin ¹⁷⁹, B. P. Padley ¹⁷⁹, R. Redjimi¹⁷⁹, J. Rotter ¹⁷⁹, E. Yigitbasi ¹⁷⁹, Y. Zhang ¹⁷⁹, A. Bodek ¹⁸⁰, P. de Barbaro ¹⁸⁰, R. Demina ¹⁸⁰, J. L. Dulemba ¹⁸⁰, A. Garcia-Bellido ¹⁸⁰, O. Hindrichs ¹⁸⁰, A. Khukhunaishvili ¹⁸⁰, N. Parmar ¹⁸⁰, P. Parygin ^180,o, R. Taus ¹⁸⁰, B. Chiarito¹⁸¹, J. P. Chou ¹⁸¹, S. V. Clark ¹⁸¹, D. Gadkari ¹⁸¹, Y. Gershtein ¹⁸¹, E. Halkiadakis ¹⁸¹, M. Heindl ¹⁸¹, C. Houghton ¹⁸¹, D. Jaroslawski ¹⁸¹, S. Konstantinou ¹⁸¹, I. Laflotte ¹⁸¹, A. Lath ¹⁸¹, R. Montalvo¹⁸¹, K. Nash¹⁸¹, J. Reichert ¹⁸¹, H. Routray ¹⁸¹, P. Saha ¹⁸¹, S. Salur ¹⁸¹, S. Schnetzer¹⁸¹, S. Somalwar ¹⁸¹, R. Stone ¹⁸¹, S. A. Thayil ¹⁸¹, S. Thomas¹⁸¹, J. Vora ¹⁸¹, H. Wang ¹⁸¹, D. Ally ¹⁸², A. G. Delannoy ¹⁸², S. Fiorendi ¹⁸², S. Higginbotham ¹⁸², T. Holmes ¹⁸², A. R. Kanuganti ¹⁸², N. Karunarathna ¹⁸², L. Lee ¹⁸², E. Nibigira ¹⁸², S. Spanier ¹⁸², D. Aebi ¹⁸³, M. Ahmad ¹⁸³, T. Akhter ¹⁸³, K. Androsov ^183,jjj, O. Bouhali ^183,pppp, R. Eusebi ¹⁸³, J. Gilmore ¹⁸³, T. Huang ¹⁸³, T. Kamon ^183,qqqq, H. Kim ¹⁸³, S. Luo ¹⁸³, R. Mueller ¹⁸³, D. Overton ¹⁸³, D. Rathjens ¹⁸³, A. Safonov ¹⁸³, N. Akchurin ¹⁸⁴, J. Damgov ¹⁸⁴, N. Gogate ¹⁸⁴, V. Hegde ¹⁸⁴, A. Hussain ¹⁸⁴, Y. Kazhykarim¹⁸⁴, K. Lamichhane ¹⁸⁴, S. W. Lee ¹⁸⁴, A. Mankel ¹⁸⁴, T. Peltola ¹⁸⁴, I. Volobouev ¹⁸⁴, E. Appelt ¹⁸⁵, Y. Chen ¹⁸⁵, S. Greene¹⁸⁵, A. Gurrola ¹⁸⁵, W. Johns ¹⁸⁵, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli ¹⁸⁵, A. Melo ¹⁸⁵, F. Romeo ¹⁸⁵, P. Sheldon ¹⁸⁵, S. Tuo ¹⁸⁵, J. Velkovska ¹⁸⁵, J. Viinikainen ¹⁸⁵, B. Cardwell ¹⁸⁶, H. Chung¹⁸⁶, B. Cox ¹⁸⁶, J. Hakala ¹⁸⁶, R. Hirosky ¹⁸⁶, A. Ledovskoy ¹⁸⁶, C. Neu ¹⁸⁶, S. Bhattacharya ¹⁸⁷, P. E. Karchin ¹⁸⁷, A. Aravind ¹⁸⁸, S. Banerjee ¹⁸⁸, K. Black ¹⁸⁸, T. Bose ¹⁸⁸, E. Chavez ¹⁸⁸, S. Dasu ¹⁸⁸, P. Everaerts ¹⁸⁸, C. Galloni¹⁸⁸, H. He ¹⁸⁸, M. Herndon ¹⁸⁸, A. Herve ¹⁸⁸, C. K. Koraka ¹⁸⁸, A. Lanaro¹⁸⁸, R. Loveless ¹⁸⁸, J. Madhusudanan Sreekala ¹⁸⁸, A. Mallampalli ¹⁸⁸, A. Mohammadi ¹⁸⁸, S. Mondal¹⁸⁸, G. Parida ¹⁸⁸, L. Pétré ¹⁸⁸, D. Pinna¹⁸⁸, A. Savin¹⁸⁸, V. Shang ¹⁸⁸, V. Sharma ¹⁸⁸, W. H. Smith ¹⁸⁸, D. Teague¹⁸⁸, H. F. Tsoi ¹⁸⁸, W. Vetens ¹⁸⁸, A. Warden ¹⁸⁸, S. Afanasiev ¹⁸⁹, V. Alexakhin ¹⁸⁹, D. Budkouski ¹⁸⁹, I. Golutvin ^189,a, I. Gorbunov ¹⁸⁹, V. Karjavine ¹⁸⁹, V. Korenkov ¹⁸⁹, A. Lanev ¹⁸⁹, A. Malakhov ¹⁸⁹, V. Matveev ^189,o, V. Palichik ¹⁸⁹, V. Perelygin ¹⁸⁹, M. Savina ¹⁸⁹, V. Shalaev ¹⁸⁹, S. Shmatov ¹⁸⁹, S. Shulha ¹⁸⁹, V. Smirnov ¹⁸⁹, O. Teryaev ¹⁸⁹, N. Voytishin ¹⁸⁹, B. S. Yuldashev^189,rrrr, A. Zarubin ¹⁸⁹, I. Zhizhin ¹⁸⁹, G. Gavrilov ¹⁸⁹, V. Golovtcov ¹⁸⁹, Y. Ivanov ¹⁸⁹, V. Kim ^189,o, P. Levchenko ^189,ssss, V. Murzin ¹⁸⁹, V. Oreshkin ¹⁸⁹, D. Sosnov ¹⁸⁹, V. Sulimov ¹⁸⁹, L. Uvarov ¹⁸⁹, A. Vorobyev^189,a, Yu. Andreev ¹⁸⁹, A. Dermenev ¹⁸⁹, S. Gninenko ¹⁸⁹, N. Golubev ¹⁸⁹, A. Karneyeu ¹⁸⁹, D. Kirpichnikov ¹⁸⁹, M. Kirsanov ¹⁸⁹, N. Krasnikov ¹⁸⁹, I. Tlisova ¹⁸⁹, A. Toropin ¹⁸⁹, T. Aushev ¹⁸⁹, K. Ivanov ¹⁸⁹, V. Gavrilov ¹⁸⁹, N. Lychkovskaya ¹⁸⁹, A. Nikitenko ^{189,tttt,uuuu}, V. Popov ¹⁸⁹, A. Zhokin ¹⁸⁹, R. Chistov ^189,o, M. Danilov ^189,o, S. Polikarpov ^189,o, V. Andreev ¹⁸⁹, M. Azarkin ¹⁸⁹, M. Kirakosyan¹⁸⁹, A. Terkulov ¹⁸⁹, E. Boos ¹⁸⁹, A. Demiyanov ¹⁸⁹, A. Ershov ¹⁸⁹, A. Gribushin ¹⁸⁹, L. Khein ¹⁸⁹, O. Kodolova ^189,uuuu, V. Korotkikh¹⁸⁹, S. Obraztsov ¹⁸⁹, S. Petrushanko ¹⁸⁹, V. Savrin ¹⁸⁹, A. Snigirev ¹⁸⁹, I. Vardanyan ¹⁸⁹, V. Blinov^189,o, T. Dimova ^189,o, A. Kozyrev ^189,o, O. Radchenko ^189,o, Y. Skovpen ^189,o, V. Kachanov ¹⁸⁹, D. Konstantinov ¹⁸⁹, S. Slabospitskii ¹⁸⁹, A. Uzunian ¹⁸⁹, A. Babaev ¹⁸⁹, V. Borshch ¹⁸⁹, and D. Druzhkin ¹⁸⁹ (CMS Collaboration)

¹Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
²Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria
³Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
⁴Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
⁵Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
⁶Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
⁷Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
⁸Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁹Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
¹⁰Universidade Estadual Paulista, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
¹¹Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹²University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹³Instituto De Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7 D, Arica, Chile
¹⁴Beihang University, Beijing, China
¹⁵Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
¹⁶Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
¹⁷State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
¹⁸Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
¹⁹Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
²⁰University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
²¹Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
²²Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
²³Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) - Fudan University, Shanghai, China
²⁴Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
²⁵Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
²⁶Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
²⁷University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Split, Croatia
²⁸University of Split, Faculty of Science, Split, Croatia
²⁹Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia
³⁰University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
³¹Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
³²Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
³³Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
³⁴Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt, Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Egypt
³⁵Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU), Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
³⁶National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
³⁷Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
³⁸Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
³⁹Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
⁴⁰IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁴¹Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
⁴²Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
⁴³Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France
⁴⁴Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), Villeurbanne, France
⁴⁵Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
⁴⁶RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁷RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁸RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁹Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
⁵⁰University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
⁵¹Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany
⁵²Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP), NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
⁵³National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵⁴National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵⁵University of Ioánnina, Ioánnina, Greece
⁵⁶HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁷MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁸Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
⁵⁹HUN-REN ATOMKI - Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
⁶⁰Karoly Robert Campus, MATE Institute of Technology, Gyongyos, Hungary
⁶¹Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
⁶²University of Delhi, Delhi, India
⁶³Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
⁶⁴Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Madras, India
⁶⁵Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-A, Mumbai, India
⁶⁶Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-B, Mumbai, India
⁶⁷National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
⁶⁸Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
⁶⁹Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
⁷⁰Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
⁷¹University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
^72aINFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
^72bUniversità di Bari, Bari, Italy
^72cPolitecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
^73aINFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^73bUniversità di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^74aINFN Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
^74bUniversità di Catania, Catania, Italy
^75aINFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
^75bUniversità di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
⁷⁶INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
^77aINFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
^77bUniversità di Genova, Genova, Italy
^78aINFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
^78bUniversità di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
^79aINFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
^79bUniversità di Napoli ’Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
^79cUniversità della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
^79dScuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), Napoli, Italy
^80aINFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
^80bUniversità di Padova, Padova, Italy
^80cUniversità di Trento, Trento, Italy
^81aINFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
^81bUniversità di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
^82aINFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
^82bUniversità di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
^83aINFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^83bUniversità di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^83cScuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^83dUniversità di Siena, Siena, Italy
^84aINFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
^84bSapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
^85aINFN Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
^85bUniversità di Torino, Torino, Italy
^85cUniversità del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
^86aINFN Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
^86bUniversità di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
⁸⁷Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
⁸⁸Department of Mathematics and Physics - GWNU, Gangneung, Korea
⁸⁹Chonnam National University, Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju, Korea
⁹⁰Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
⁹¹Korea University, Seoul, Korea
⁹²Kyung Hee University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Korea
⁹³Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁴Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁵University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁶Yonsei University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁷Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
⁹⁸College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East (AUM), Dasman, Kuwait
⁹⁹Kuwait University - College of Science - Department of Physics, Safat, Kuwait
¹⁰⁰Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
¹⁰¹University of Latvia (LU), Riga, Latvia
¹⁰²Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
¹⁰³National Centre for Particle Physics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
¹⁰⁴Universidad de Sonora (UNISON), Hermosillo, Mexico
¹⁰⁵Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
¹⁰⁶Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
¹⁰⁷Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
¹⁰⁸University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
¹⁰⁹University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
¹¹⁰National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
¹¹¹AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
¹¹²National Centre for Nuclear Research, Swierk, Poland
¹¹³Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
¹¹⁴Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
¹¹⁵Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisboa, Portugal
¹¹⁶Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
¹¹⁷VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
¹¹⁸Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
¹¹⁹Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
¹²⁰Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Espaciales de Asturias (ICTEA), Oviedo, Spain
¹²¹Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
¹²²University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
¹²³University of Ruhuna, Department of Physics, Matara, Sri Lanka
¹²⁴CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
¹²⁵PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences, Villigen, Switzerland
¹²⁶ETH Zurich - Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics (IPA), Zurich, Switzerland
¹²⁷Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
¹²⁸National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
¹²⁹National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
¹³⁰High Energy Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
¹³¹Çukurova University, Physics Department, Science and Art Faculty, Adana, Turkey
¹³²Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara, Turkey
¹³³Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁴Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁵Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁶Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁷Institute for Scintillation Materials of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
¹³⁸National Science Centre, Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkiv, Ukraine
¹³⁹University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
¹⁴⁰Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
¹⁴¹Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
¹⁴²Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
¹⁴³Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
¹⁴⁴Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
¹⁴⁵The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
¹⁴⁶Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁴⁷Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
¹⁴⁸University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
¹⁴⁹University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
¹⁵⁰University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
¹⁵¹University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
¹⁵²University of California, Santa Barbara - Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California, USA
¹⁵³California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
¹⁵⁴Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
¹⁵⁵University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
¹⁵⁶Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
¹⁵⁷Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
¹⁵⁸University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
¹⁵⁹Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
¹⁶⁰Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
¹⁶¹University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
¹⁶²The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
¹⁶³Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
¹⁶⁴The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
¹⁶⁵Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
¹⁶⁶University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
¹⁶⁷Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁶⁸University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
¹⁶⁹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
¹⁷⁰State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
¹⁷¹Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁷²Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
¹⁷³University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
¹⁷⁴The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
¹⁷⁵Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
¹⁷⁶University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
¹⁷⁷Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
¹⁷⁸Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana, USA
¹⁷⁹Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
¹⁸⁰University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
¹⁸¹Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
¹⁸²University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
¹⁸³Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
¹⁸⁴Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
¹⁸⁵Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
¹⁸⁶University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
¹⁸⁷Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
¹⁸⁸University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
¹⁸⁹An institute or international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN

^*Full author list given at the end of the Letter.
^aDeceased.
^bAlso at Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.
^cAlso at TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
^dAlso at Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
^eAlso at Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
^fAlso at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
^gAlso at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
^hAlso at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
ⁱAlso at China Center of Advanced Science and Technology, Beijing, China.
^jAlso at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
^kAlso at China Spallation Neutron Source, Guangdong, China.
^lAlso at Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
^mAlso at University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
ⁿAlso at The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
^oAlso at Another institute or international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
^pAlso at Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
^qAlso at Zewail City of Science and Technology, Zewail, Egypt.
^rAlso at British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
^sAlso at Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
^tAlso at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
^uAlso at Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France.
^vAlso at Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^wAlso at Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
^xAlso at The University of the State of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
^yAlso at University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
^zAlso at RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.
^aaAlso at Bergische University Wuppertal (BUW), Wuppertal, Germany.
^bbAlso at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany.
^ccAlso at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Juelich, Germany.
^ddAlso at CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland.
^eeAlso at HUN-REN ATOMKI—Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary.
^ffAlso at Universitatea Babes-Bolyai—Facultatea de Fizica, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
^ggAlso at MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
^hhAlso at HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary.
ⁱⁱAlso at Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
^jjAlso at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
^kkAlso at University of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India.
^llAlso at Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India.
^mmAlso at Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
ⁿⁿAlso at IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.
^ooAlso at Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India.
^ppAlso at University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
^qqAlso at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.
^rrAlso at Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
^ssAlso at Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
^ttAlso at Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran.
^uuAlso at Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, ARAK, Iran.
^vvAlso at Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Bologna, Italy.
^wwAlso at Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e di Struttura Della Materia, Catania, Italy.
^xxAlso at Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, Roma, Italy.
^yyAlso at Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Università di Napoli “Federico II,” Napoli, Italy.
^zzAlso at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA.
^aaaAlso at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro dell’INFN, Legnaro, Italy.
^bbbAlso at Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden.
^cccAlso at Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Perugia, Italy.
^dddAlso at Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), Villeurbanne, France.
^eeeAlso at Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
^fffAlso at Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico.
^gggAlso at Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Nilaveli, Sri Lanka.
^hhhAlso at Saegis Campus, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
ⁱⁱⁱAlso at National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
^jjjAlso at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
^kkkAlso at University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
^lllAlso at Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
^mmmAlso at Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Vienna, Austria.
ⁿⁿⁿAlso at Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, IN2P3-CNRS, Annecy-le-Vieux, France.
^oooAlso at Near East University, Research Center of Experimental Health Science, Mersin, Turkey.
^pppAlso at Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
^qqqAlso at Izmir Bakircay University, Izmir, Turkey.
^rrrAlso at Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
^sssAlso at Bozok Universitetesi Rektörlügü, Yozgat, Turkey.
^tttAlso at Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^uuuAlso at Milli Savunma University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^vvvAlso at Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
^wwwAlso at Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^xxxAlso at Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
^yyyAlso at Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey.
^zzzAlso at Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
^aaaaAlso at Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^bbbbAlso at School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
^ccccAlso at IPPP Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.
^ddddAlso at Monash University, Faculty of Science, Clayton, Australia.
^eeeeAlso at Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
^ffffAlso at Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
^ggggAlso at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey.
^hhhhAlso at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
ⁱⁱⁱⁱAlso at United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, USA.
^jjjjAlso at Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
^kkkkAlso at Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey.
^llllAlso at Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
^mmmmAlso at Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey.
ⁿⁿⁿⁿAlso at Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
^ooooAlso at Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest, Romania.
^ppppAlso at Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
^qqqqAlso at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
^rrrrAlso at Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
^ssssAlso at Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
^ttttAlso at Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
^uuuuAlso at Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia.

PDF

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 132301 – Published 23 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/6ywq-gm61

Abstract

The polarization of the $Λ$ and $\bar{Λ}$ hyperons along the beam direction has been measured in proton-lead ( $p -Pb$ ) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 8.16 TeV. The data were obtained with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $186.0 \pm 6.5 {nb}^{- 1}$ . A significant azimuthal dependence of the hyperon polarization, characterized by the second-order Fourier sine coefficient $P_{z, s 2}$ , is observed. The $P_{z, s 2}$ values decrease as a function of charged particle multiplicity, but increase with transverse momentum. A hydrodynamic model that describes the observed $P_{z, s 2}$ values in nucleus-nucleus collisions by introducing vorticity effects does not reproduce either the sign or the magnitude of the $p -Pb$ results. These observations pose a challenge to the current theoretical implementation of spin polarization in heavy ion collisions and offer new insights into the origin of spin polarization in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

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CMS data availability statement, 10.7483/OPENDATA.CMS.1BNU.8V1W.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 132301– Published 23 September, 2025

Vol. 135, Iss. 13 — 26 September 2025

Received 11 February 2025
Revised 12 August 2025
Accepted 18 August 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/6ywq-gm61

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by CERN.

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Observation of $Λ$ Hyperon Local Polarization in $p$ -Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16 TeV$

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Observation of Λ Hyperon Local Polarization in p-Pb Collisions at sNN=8.16 TeV

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Observation of $Λ$ Hyperon Local Polarization in $p$ -Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16 TeV$