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    Extendibility of Fermionic Gaussian States

    Amir-Reza Negari1 and Farzin Salek1,2,3

    Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 080201 – Published 18 August, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/65dd-448y

    Abstract

    We investigate (k1,k2) extendibility of fermionic Gaussian states, a property central to quantum correlations and approximations of separability. We show that these states are (k1,k2)-extendible if and only if they admit a fermionic Gaussian extension, yielding a complete covariance-matrix characterization and a simple semidefinite program (SDP) whose size scales linearly with the number of modes. This provides necessary conditions for arbitrary fermionic states and is sufficient within the Gaussian setting. Our main result is a finite de Finetti–type theorem: we derive trace-norm bounds between (k1,k2)-extendible fermionic Gaussian states and separable states, improving previous exponential scaling to linear in the number of modes, with complementary relative entropy and squashed entanglement bounds. For two modes, upper and lower bounds match at order 1/k1k2. Extendibility also provides operational support for one of the different notions of separability in fermionic systems. Finally, for fermionic Gaussian channels, we provide a simple semidefinite program criterion for antidegradability and show that entanglement-breaking channels coincide with replacement channels, implying no nontrivial entanglement-breaking fermionic Gaussian channels exist.

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