Featured in Physics
Open Access

First Measurement of the Strong Interaction Scattering Parameters for the $K^{-} d$ and $K^{+} d$ Systems

D. A. H. Abdallah ¹³⁶, I. J. Abualrob ¹¹³, S. Acharya ⁴⁹, K. Agarwal ^23,b, G. Aglieri Rinella ³², L. Aglietta ²⁴, N. Agrawal ²⁵, Z. Ahammed ¹³⁴, S. Ahmad ¹⁵ et al. (ALICE Collaboration)

S. Ahmad ¹⁵, I. Ahuja ³⁶, Z. Akbar⁸⁰, V. Akishina ³⁸, M. Al-Turany ⁹⁴, B. Alessandro ⁵⁵, R. Alfaro Molina ⁶⁷, B. Ali ¹⁵, A. Alici ^25,a, J. Alme ²⁰, G. Alocco ²⁴, T. Alt ⁶⁴, I. Altsybeev ⁹², C. Andrei ⁴⁴, N. Andreou ¹¹², A. Andronic ¹²⁵, M. Angeletti ³², V. Anguelov ⁹¹, F. Antinori ⁵³, P. Antonioli ⁵⁰, N. Apadula ⁷², H. Appelshäuser ⁶⁴, S. Arcelli ^25,a, R. Arnaldi ⁵⁵, I. C. Arsene ¹⁹, M. Arslandok ¹³⁷, A. Augustinus ³², R. Averbeck ⁹⁴, M. D. Azmi ¹⁵, H. Baba¹²², A. R. J. Babu¹³⁶, A. Badalà ⁵², J. Bae ¹⁰¹, Y. Bae ¹⁰¹, Y. W. Baek ¹⁰¹, X. Bai ¹¹⁷, R. Bailhache ⁶⁴, Y. Bailung ¹²⁷, R. Bala ⁸⁸, A. Baldisseri ¹²⁹, B. Balis ², S. Bangalia ¹¹⁵, Z. Banoo ⁸⁸, V. Barbasova ³⁶, F. Barile ³¹, L. Barioglio ⁵⁵, M. Barlou ²⁴, B. Barman ⁴⁰, G. G. Barnaföldi ⁴⁵, L. S. Barnby ¹¹², E. Barreau ¹⁰⁰, V. Barret ¹²⁶, L. Barreto ¹⁰⁷, K. Barth ³², E. Bartsch ⁶⁴, N. Bastid ¹²⁶, G. Batigne ¹⁰⁰, D. Battistini ^34,92, B. Batyunya ¹⁴⁰, L. Baudino ^24,c, D. Bauri⁴⁶, J. L. Bazo Alba ⁹⁹, I. G. Bearden ⁸¹, P. Becht ⁹⁴, D. Behera ^47,78, S. Behera ⁴⁶, M. A. C. Behling ⁶⁴, I. Belikov ¹²⁸, V. D. Bella ¹²⁸, F. Bellini ²⁵, R. Bellwied ¹¹³, L. G. E. Beltran ¹⁰⁶, Y. A. V. Beltran ⁴³, G. Bencedi ⁴⁵, O. Benchikhi ⁷⁴, A. Bensaoula¹¹³, S. Beole ²⁴, A. Berdnikova ⁹¹, L. Bergmann ⁷², L. Bernardinis ²³, L. Betev ³², P. P. Bhaduri ¹³⁴, T. Bhalla ⁸⁷, A. Bhasin ⁸⁸, B. Bhattacharjee ⁴⁰, L. Bianchi ²⁴, J. Bielčík ³⁴, J. Bielčíková ⁸⁴, A. Bilandzic ⁹², A. Binoy ¹¹⁵, G. Biro ⁴⁵, S. Biswas ⁴, M. B. Blidaru ⁹⁴, N. Bluhme ³⁸, C. Blume ⁶⁴, F. Bock ⁸⁵, T. Bodova ²⁰, L. Boldizsár ⁴⁵, M. Bombara ³⁶, P. M. Bond ³², G. Bonomi ^54,133, H. Borel ¹²⁹, A. Borissov ¹⁴⁰, A. G. Borquez Carcamo ⁹¹, E. Botta ²⁴, N. Bouchhar ¹⁷, Y. E. M. Bouziani ⁶⁴, D. C. Brandibur ⁶³, L. Bratrud ⁶⁴, P. Braun-Munzinger ⁹⁴, M. Bregant ¹⁰⁷, M. Broz ³⁴, G. E. Bruno ^31,93, V. D. Buchakchiev ³⁵, M. D. Buckland ⁸³, H. Buesching ⁶⁴, S. Bufalino ²⁹, P. Buhler ⁷⁴, N. Burmasov ¹⁴⁰, Z. Buthelezi ^68,121, A. Bylinkin ²⁰, J. C. Cabanillas Noris ¹⁰⁶, M. F. T. Cabrera ¹¹³, H. Caines ¹³⁷, A. Caliva ²⁸, E. Calvo Villar ⁹⁹, J. M. M. Camacho ¹⁰⁶, P. Camerini ²³, M. T. Camerlingo ⁴⁹, F. D. M. Canedo ¹⁰⁷, S. Cannito ²³, S. L. Cantway ¹³⁷, M. Carabas ¹¹⁰, F. Carnesecchi ³², C. Carr ⁹⁸, L. A. D. Carvalho ¹⁰⁷, J. Castillo Castellanos ¹²⁹, M. Castoldi ³², F. Catalano ¹¹³, S. Cattaruzzi ²³, R. Cerri ²⁴, I. Chakaberia ⁷², P. Chakraborty ¹³⁵, J. W. O. Chan¹¹³, S. Chandra ¹³⁴, S. Chapeland ³², M. Chartier ¹¹⁶, S. Chattopadhay¹³⁴, M. Chen ³⁹, T. Cheng ⁶, M. I. Cherciu ⁶³, C. Cheshkov ¹²⁷, D. Chiappara ²⁷, V. Chibante Barroso ³², D. D. Chinellato ⁷⁴, F. Chinu ²⁴, E. S. Chizzali ^92,d, J. Cho ⁵⁷, S. Cho ⁵⁷, P. Chochula ³², Z. A. Chochulska ^135,e, P. Christakoglou ⁸², P. Christiansen ⁷³, T. Chujo ¹²³, B. Chytla ¹³⁵, M. Ciacco ²⁴, C. Cicalo ⁵¹, G. Cimador ^24,32, F. Cindolo ⁵⁰, F. Colamaria ⁴⁹, D. Colella ³¹, A. Colelli ³¹, M. Colocci ²⁵, M. Concas ³², G. Conesa Balbastre ⁷¹, Z. Conesa del Valle ¹³⁰, G. Contin ²³, J. G. Contreras ³⁴, M. L. Coquet ¹⁰⁰, P. Cortese ^55,132, M. R. Cosentino ¹⁰⁹, F. Costa ³², S. Costanza ²¹, P. Crochet ¹²⁶, M. M. Czarnynoga¹³⁵, A. Dainese ⁵³, E. Dall’occo³², G. Dange³⁸, M. C. Danisch ¹⁶, A. Danu ⁶³, A. Daribayeva³⁸, P. Das ³², S. Das ⁴, A. R. Dash ¹²⁵, S. Dash ⁴⁶, A. De Caro ²⁸, G. de Cataldo ⁴⁹, J. de Cuveland ³⁸, A. De Falco ²², D. De Gruttola ²⁸, N. De Marco ⁵⁵, C. De Martin ²³, S. De Pasquale ²⁸, R. Deb ¹³³, R. Del Grande ³⁴, L. Dello Stritto ³², G. G. A. de Souza ^107,f, P. Dhankher ¹⁸, D. Di Bari ³¹, M. Di Costanzo ²⁹, A. Di Mauro ³², B. Di Ruzza ^49,131,a, B. Diab ³², Y. Ding ⁶, J. Ditzel ⁶⁴, R. Divià ³², U. Dmitrieva ⁵⁵, A. Dobrin ⁶³, B. Dönigus ⁶⁴, L. Döpper ⁴¹, L. Drzensla², J. M. Dubinski ¹³⁵, A. Dubla ⁹⁴, P. Dupieux ¹²⁶, N. Dzalaiova¹³, T. M. Eder ¹²⁵, E. C. Ege ⁶⁴, R. J. Ehlers ⁷², F. Eisenhut ⁶⁴, R. Ejima ⁸⁹, D. Elia ⁴⁹, B. Erazmus ¹⁰⁰, F. Ercolessi ²⁵, B. Espagnon ¹³⁰, G. Eulisse ³², D. Evans ⁹⁸, L. Fabbietti ⁹², G. Fabbri ⁵⁰, M. Faggin ³², J. Faivre ⁷¹, W. Fan ¹¹³, T. Fang ⁶, A. Fantoni ⁴⁸, A. Feliciello ⁵⁵, W. Feng ⁶, A. Fernández Téllez ⁴³, B. Fernando¹³⁶, L. Ferrandi ¹⁰⁷, A. Ferrero ¹²⁹, C. Ferrero ^55,g, A. Ferretti ²⁴, D. Finogeev ¹⁴⁰, F. M. Fionda ⁵¹, A. N. Flores ¹⁰⁵, S. Foertsch ⁶⁸, I. Fokin ⁹¹, U. Follo ^55,g, R. Forynski ¹¹², E. Fragiacomo ⁵⁶, H. Fribert ⁹², J. M. Friedrich ⁹², U. Fuchs ³², D. Fuligno ²³, N. Funicello ²⁸, C. Furget ⁷¹, A. Furs ¹⁴⁰, T. Fusayasu ⁹⁵, J. J. Gaardhøje ⁸¹, M. Gagliardi ²⁴, A. M. Gago ⁹⁹, T. Gahlaut ⁴⁶, C. D. Galvan ¹⁰⁶, S. Gami ⁷⁸, C. Garabatos ⁹⁴, J. M. Garcia ⁴³, E. Garcia-Solis ⁹, S. Garetti ¹³⁰, C. Gargiulo ³², P. Gasik ⁹⁴, A. Gautam ¹¹⁵, M. B. Gay Ducati ⁶⁶, M. Germain ¹⁰⁰, R. A. Gernhaeuser ⁹², M. Giacalone ³², G. Gioachin ²⁹, S. K. Giri ¹³⁴, P. Giubellino ⁵⁵, P. Giubilato ²⁷, P. Glässel ⁹¹, E. Glimos ¹²⁰, M. G. F. S. A. Gomes ⁹¹, L. Gonella ²³, V. Gonzalez ¹³⁶, M. Gorgon ², K. Goswami ⁴⁷, S. Gotovac ³³, V. Grabski ⁶⁷, L. K. Graczykowski ¹³⁵, E. Grecka ⁸⁴, A. Grelli ⁵⁹, C. Grigoras ³², S. Grigoryan ^1,140, O. S. Groettvik ³², M. Gronbeck⁴¹, F. Grosa ³², S. Gross-Bölting ⁹⁴, J. F. Grosse-Oetringhaus ³², R. Grosso ⁹⁴, D. Grund ³⁴, N. A. Grunwald ⁹¹, R. Guernane ⁷¹, M. Guilbaud ¹⁰⁰, K. Gulbrandsen ⁸¹, J. K. Gumprecht ⁷⁴, T. Gündem ⁶⁴, T. Gunji ¹²², J. Guo¹⁰, W. Guo ⁶, A. Gupta ⁸⁸, R. Gupta ⁸⁸, R. Gupta ⁴⁷, K. Gwizdziel ¹³⁵, L. Gyulai ⁴⁵, T. Hachiya ⁷⁶, C. Hadjidakis ¹³⁰, J. Haidenbauer ⁵⁸, F. U. Haider ⁸⁸, S. Haidlova ³⁴, M. Haldar⁴, W. Ham ¹⁰¹, H. Hamagaki ⁷⁵, Y. Han ¹³⁹, R. Hannigan ¹⁰⁵, J. Hansen ⁷³, J. W. Harris ¹³⁷, A. Harton ⁹, M. V. Hartung ⁶⁴, A. Hasan ¹¹⁹, H. Hassan ¹¹⁴, D. Hatzifotiadou ⁵⁰, P. Hauer ⁴¹, L. B. Havener ¹³⁷, E. Hellbär ³², H. Helstrup ³⁷, M. Hemmer ⁶⁴, S. G. Hernandez¹¹³, G. Herrera Corral ⁸, K. F. Hetland ³⁷, B. Heybeck ⁶⁴, H. Hillemanns ³², B. Hippolyte ¹²⁸, I. P. M. Hobus ⁸², F. W. Hoffmann ³⁸, B. Hofman ⁵⁹, Y. Hong⁵⁷, A. Horzyk ², Y. Hou ^11,94, P. Hristov ³², L. M. Huhta ¹¹⁴, T. J. Humanic ⁸⁶, V. Humlova ³⁴, M. Husar ¹²⁴, A. Hutson ¹¹³, D. Hutter ³⁸, T. Hyodo ⁹⁶, M. C. Hwang ¹⁸, M. Inaba ¹²³, A. Isakov ⁸², T. Isidori ¹¹⁵, M. S. Islam ⁴⁶, M. Ivanov ⁹⁴, M. Ivanov¹³, K. E. Iversen ⁷³, M. Jablonski ², B. Jacak ^18,72, N. Jacazio ²⁵, P. M. Jacobs ⁷², A. Jadlovska¹⁰³, S. Jadlovska¹⁰³, S. Jaelani ⁸⁰, J. N. Jager ⁶⁴, C. Jahnke ¹⁰⁸, M. J. Jakubowska ¹³⁵, E. P. Jamro ², D. M. Janik ³⁴, M. A. Janik ¹³⁵, C. A. Jauch ⁹⁴, S. Ji ¹⁶, Y. Ji ⁹⁴, S. Jia ⁸¹, T. Jiang ¹⁰, A. A. P. Jimenez ⁶⁵, S. Jin¹⁰, F. Jonas ⁷², D. M. Jones ¹¹⁶, J. M. Jowett ^32,94, J. Jung ⁶⁴, M. Jung ⁶⁴, A. Junique ³², J. Juračka ³⁴, J. Kaewjai ^102,116, A. Kaiser ^32,94, P. Kalinak ⁶⁰, A. Kalweit ³², H. Kang ¹², A. Karasu Uysal ¹³⁸, N. Karatzenis ⁹⁸, T. Karavicheva ¹⁴⁰, M. J. Karwowska ¹³⁵, V. Kashyap ⁷⁸, M. Keil ³², B. Ketzer ⁴¹, J. Keul ⁶⁴, S. S. Khade ⁴⁷, A. Khuntia ⁵⁰, Z. Khuranova ⁶⁴, B. Kileng ³⁷, B. Kim ¹⁰¹, D. J. Kim ¹¹⁴, D. Kim ¹⁰¹, E. J. Kim ⁶⁹, G. Kim ⁵⁷, H. Kim ⁵⁷, J. Kim ¹³⁹, J. Kim ⁵⁷, J. Kim ¹³⁹, J. Kim ³², M. Kim ¹⁸, S. Kim ¹⁷, T. Kim ¹³⁹, J. T. Kinner ¹²⁵, I. Kisel ³⁸, A. Kisiel ¹³⁵, J. L. Klay ⁵, J. Klein ³², S. Klein ⁷², C. Klein-Bösing ¹²⁵, M. Kleiner ⁶⁴, A. Kluge ³², M. B. Knuesel ¹³⁷, C. Kobdaj ¹⁰², R. Kohara ¹²², A. Kondratyev ¹⁴⁰, J. Konig ⁶⁴, P. J. Konopka ³², G. Kornakov ¹³⁵, M. Korwieser ⁹², C. Koster ⁸², A. Kotliarov ⁸⁴, N. Kovacic ¹²⁴, M. Kowalski ¹⁰⁴, V. Kozhuharov ³⁵, G. Kozlov ³⁸, I. Králik ⁶⁰, A. Kravčáková³⁶, M. A. Krawczyk ³², L. Krcal ³², F. Krizek ⁸⁴, K. Krizkova Gajdosova ³⁴, C. Krug ⁶⁶, M. Krüger ⁶⁴, E. Kryshen ¹⁴⁰, V. Kučera ⁵⁷, C. Kuhn ¹²⁸, D. Kumar ¹³⁴, L. Kumar ⁸⁷, N. Kumar ⁸⁷, S. Kumar ⁴⁹, S. Kundu ³², M. Kuo¹²³, P. Kurashvili ⁷⁷, S. Kurita ⁸⁹, S. Kushpil ⁸⁴, A. Kuznetsov ¹⁴⁰, M. J. Kweon ⁵⁷, Y. Kwon ¹³⁹, S. L. La Pointe ³⁸, P. La Rocca ²⁶, A. Lakrathok¹⁰², S. Lambert ¹⁰⁰, A. R. Landou ⁷¹, R. Langoy ¹¹⁹, P. Larionov ³², E. Laudi ³², L. Lautner ⁹², R. A. N. Laveaga ¹⁰⁶, R. Lavicka ⁷⁴, R. Lea ^54,133, J. B. Lebert ³⁸, H. Lee ¹⁰¹, S. Lee⁵⁷, I. Legrand ⁴⁴, G. Legras ¹²⁵, A. M. Lejeune ³⁴, T. M. Lelek ², I. León Monzón ¹⁰⁶, M. M. Lesch ⁹², P. Lévai ⁴⁵, M. Li⁶, P. Li¹⁰, X. Li¹⁰, B. E. Liang-Gilman ¹⁸, J. Lien ¹¹⁹, R. Lietava ⁹⁸, I. Likmeta ¹¹³, B. Lim ⁵⁵, H. Lim ¹⁶, S. H. Lim ¹⁶, Y. N. Lima¹⁰⁷, S. Lin ¹⁰, V. Lindenstruth ³⁸, C. Lippmann ⁹⁴, D. Liskova ¹⁰³, D. H. Liu ⁶, J. Liu ¹¹⁶, Y. Liu⁶, G. S. S. Liveraro ¹⁰⁸, I. M. Lofnes ^20,37, C. Loizides ²⁰, S. Lokos ¹⁰⁴, J. Lömker ⁵⁹, X. Lopez ¹²⁶, E. López Torres ⁷, C. Lotteau ¹²⁷, P. Lu ¹¹⁷, W. Lu ⁶, Z. Lu ¹⁰, O. Lubynets ⁹⁴, G. A. Lucia ²⁹, F. V. Lugo ⁶⁷, J. Luo³⁹, G. Luparello ⁵⁶, Y. G. Ma ³⁹, V. Machacek⁸¹, M. Mager ³², M. Mahlein ⁹², A. Maire ¹²⁸, E. Majerz ², M. V. Makariev ³⁵, G. Malfattore ⁵⁰, N. M. Malik ⁸⁸, N. Malik ¹⁵, D. Mallick ¹³⁰, N. Mallick ¹¹⁴, G. Mandaglio ^30,52, S. Mandal⁷⁸, S. K. Mandal ⁷⁷, A. Manea ⁶³, R. Manhart⁹², A. K. Manna ⁴⁷, F. Manso ¹²⁶, G. Mantzaridis ⁹², V. Manzari ⁴⁹, Y. Mao ⁶, R. W. Marcjan ², G. V. Margagliotti ²³, A. Margotti ⁵⁰, A. Marín ⁹⁴, C. Markert ¹⁰⁵, P. Martinengo ³², M. I. Martínez ⁴³, M. P. P. Martins ^32,107, S. Masciocchi ⁹⁴, M. Masera ²⁴, A. Masoni ⁵¹, L. Massacrier ¹³⁰, O. Massen ⁵⁹, A. Mastroserio ^49,131, L. Mattei ^24,126, S. Mattiazzo ²⁷, A. Matyja ¹⁰⁴, J. L. Mayo ¹⁰⁵, F. Mazzaschi ³², M. Mazzilli ³¹, Y. Melikyan ⁴², M. Melo ¹⁰⁷, A. Menchaca-Rocha ⁶⁷, J. E. M. Mendez ⁶⁵, E. Meninno ⁷⁴, M. W. Menzel ^32,91, M. Meres ¹³, L. Micheletti ⁵⁵, D. Mihai¹¹⁰, D. L. Mihaylov ⁹², A. U. Mikalsen ²⁰, K. Mikhaylov ¹⁴⁰, L. Millot ⁷¹, N. Minafra ^115,h, D. Miśkowiec ⁹⁴, A. Modak ⁵⁶, B. Mohanty ⁷⁸, M. Mohisin Khan ^15,i, M. A. Molander ⁴², M. M. Mondal ⁷⁸, S. Monira ¹³⁵, D. A. Moreira De Godoy ¹²⁵, A. Morsch ³², C. Moscatelli ²³, T. Mrnjavac ³², S. Mrozinski ⁶⁴, V. Muccifora ⁴⁸, S. Muhuri ¹³⁴, A. Mulliri ²², M. G. Munhoz ¹⁰⁷, R. H. Munzer ⁶⁴, L. Musa ³², J. Musinsky ⁶⁰, J. W. Myrcha ¹³⁵, B. Naik ¹²¹, A. I. Nambrath ¹⁸, B. K. Nandi ⁴⁶, R. Nania ⁵⁰, E. Nappi ⁴⁹, A. F. Nassirpour ¹⁷, V. Nastase¹¹⁰, A. Nath ⁹¹, N. F. Nathanson ⁸¹, A. Neagu¹⁹, L. Nellen ⁶⁵, R. Nepeivoda ⁷³, S. Nese ¹⁹, N. Nicassio ³¹, B. S. Nielsen ⁸¹, E. G. Nielsen ⁸¹, F. Noferini ⁵⁰, S. Noh ¹², P. Nomokonov ¹⁴⁰, J. Norman ¹¹⁶, N. Novitzky ⁸⁵, J. Nystrand ²⁰, M. R. Ockleton ¹¹⁶, M. Ogino ⁷⁵, J. Oh ¹⁶, S. Oh ¹⁷, A. Ohlson ⁷³, M. Oida ⁸⁹, L. A. D. Oliveira ¹⁰⁸, C. Oppedisano ⁵⁵, A. Ortiz Velasquez ⁶⁵, H. Osanai⁷⁵, J. Otwinowski ¹⁰⁴, M. Oya ⁸⁹, K. Oyama ⁷⁵, S. Padhan ^46,133, D. Pagano ^54,133, V. Pagliarino⁵⁵, G. Paić ⁶⁵, A. Palasciano ^49,93, I. Panasenko ⁷³, P. Panigrahi ⁴⁶, C. Pantouvakis ²⁷, H. Park ¹²³, J. Park ¹²³, S. Park ¹⁰¹, T. Y. Park¹³⁹, J. E. Parkkila ¹³⁵, P. B. Pati ⁸¹, Y. Patley ⁴⁶, R. N. Patra ⁴⁹, J. Patter⁴⁷, B. Paul ¹³⁴, F. Pazdic ⁹⁸, H. Pei ⁶, T. Peitzmann ⁵⁹, X. Peng ^11,53, S. Perciballi ²⁴, G. M. Perez ⁷, M. Petrovici ⁴⁴, S. Piano ⁵⁶, M. Pikna ¹³, P. Pillot ¹⁰⁰, O. Pinazza ^32,50, C. Pinto ³², S. Pisano ⁴⁸, M. Płoskoń⁷², A. Plachta ¹³⁵, M. Planinic ¹²⁴, D. K. Plociennik ², S. Politano ³², N. Poljak ¹²⁴, A. Pop ⁴⁴, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais ¹²⁶, J. S. Potgieter ¹¹¹, I. Y. Pozos ⁴³, K. K. Pradhan ⁴⁷, S. K. Prasad ⁴, S. Prasad ^45,47, R. Preghenella ⁵⁰, F. Prino ⁵⁵, C. A. Pruneau ¹³⁶, M. Puccio ³², S. Pucillo ²⁸, S. Pulawski ¹¹⁸, L. Quaglia ²⁴, A. M. K. Radhakrishnan ⁴⁷, S. Ragoni ¹⁴, A. Rai ¹³⁷, A. Rakotozafindrabe ¹²⁹, N. Ramasubramanian¹²⁷, L. Ramello ^55,132, C. O. Ramírez-Álvarez ⁴³, M. Rasa ²⁶, S. S. Räsänen ⁴², R. Rath ⁹⁴, M. P. Rauch ²⁰, I. Ravasenga ³², M. Razza ²⁵, K. F. Read ^85,120, C. Reckziegel ¹⁰⁹, A. R. Redelbach ³⁸, K. Redlich ^77,j, H. D. Regules-Medel ⁴³, A. Rehman ²⁰, F. Reidt ³², H. A. Reme-Ness ³⁷, K. Reygers ⁹¹, M. Richter ²⁰, A. A. Riedel ⁹², W. Riegler ³², A. G. Riffero ²⁴, M. Rignanese ²⁷, C. Ripoli ²⁸, C. Ristea ⁶³, M. V. Rodriguez ³², M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi ⁴³, K. Røed ¹⁹, E. Rogochaya ¹⁴⁰, D. Rohr ³², D. Röhrich ²⁰, S. Rojas Torres ³⁴, P. S. Rokita ¹³⁵, G. Romanenko ²⁵, F. Ronchetti ³², D. Rosales Herrera ⁴³, K. Roslon ¹³⁵, A. Rossi ⁵³, A. Roy ⁴⁷, A. Roy¹¹⁹, S. Roy ⁴⁶, N. Rubini ⁵⁰, O. Rubza ¹⁵, J. A. Rudolph⁸², R. Rui ²³, P. G. Russek ², A. Rustamov ⁷⁹, A. Rybicki ¹⁰⁴, L. C. V. Ryder ¹¹⁵, G. Ryu ⁷⁰, J. Ryu ¹⁶, W. Rzesa ⁹², B. Sabiu ⁵⁰, R. Sadek ⁷², S. Sadhu ⁴¹, A. Saha ³¹, S. Saha ⁷⁸, B. Sahoo ⁴⁷, R. Sahoo ⁴⁷, D. Sahu ⁶⁵, P. K. Sahu ⁶¹, J. Saini ¹³⁴, S. Sakai ¹²³, S. Sambyal ⁸⁸, D. Samitz ⁷⁴, I. Sanna ³², D. Sarkar ⁸¹, V. Sarritzu ²², V. M. Sarti ⁹², M. H. P. Sas ⁸², U. Savino ²⁴, S. Sawan ⁷⁸, E. Scapparone ⁵⁰, J. Schambach ⁸⁵, H. S. Scheid ³², C. Schiaua ⁴⁴, R. Schicker ⁹¹, F. Schlepper ^32,91, A. Schmah⁹⁴, C. Schmidt ⁹⁴, M. Schmidt⁹⁰, J. Schoengarth ⁶⁴, R. Schotter ⁷⁴, A. Schröter ³⁸, J. Schukraft ³², K. Schweda ⁹⁴, G. Scioli ²⁵, E. Scomparin ⁵⁵, J. E. Seger ¹⁴, D. Sekihata ¹²², M. Selina ⁸², I. Selyuzhenkov ⁹⁴, S. Senyukov ¹²⁸, J. J. Seo ⁹¹, L. Serkin ^65,k, L. Šerkšnytė³², A. Sevcenco ⁶³, T. J. Shaba ⁶⁸, A. Shabetai ¹⁰⁰, R. Shahoyan ³², B. Sharma ⁸⁸, D. Sharma ⁴⁶, H. Sharma ⁵³, S. Sharma ⁸⁸, T. Sharma ⁴⁰, U. Sharma ⁸⁸, O. Sheibani ¹³⁶, K. Shigaki ⁸⁹, M. Shimomura ⁷⁶, Q. Shou ³⁹, S. Siddhanta ⁵¹, T. Siemiarczuk ⁷⁷, T. F. Silva ¹⁰⁷, W. D. Silva ¹⁰⁷, D. Silvermyr ⁷³, T. Simantathammakul ¹⁰², R. Simeonov ³⁵, B. Singh ⁴⁶, B. Singh ⁸⁸, B. Singh ⁹², K. Singh ⁴⁷, R. Singh ⁷⁸, R. Singh ⁵³, S. Singh ¹⁵, T. Sinha ⁹⁷, B. Sitar ¹³, M. Sitta ^55,132, T. B. Skaali ¹⁹, G. Skorodumovs ⁹¹, N. Smirnov ¹³⁷, K. L. Smith ¹⁶, R. J. M. Snellings ⁵⁹, E. H. Solheim ¹⁹, S. Solokhin ⁸², C. Sonnabend ^32,94, J. M. Sonneveld ⁸², F. Soramel ²⁷, A. B. Soto-Hernandez ⁸⁶, R. Spijkers ⁸², C. Sporleder ¹¹⁴, I. Sputowska ¹⁰⁴, J. Staa ⁷³, J. Stachel ⁹¹, L. L. Stahl ¹⁰⁷, I. Stan ⁶³, A. G. Stejskal¹¹⁵, T. Stellhorn ¹²⁵, S. F. Stiefelmaier ⁹¹, D. Stocco ¹⁰⁰, I. Storehaug ¹⁹, N. J. Strangmann ⁶⁴, P. Stratmann ¹²⁵, S. Strazzi ²⁵, A. Sturniolo ^30,52,116, Y. Su ⁶, A. A. P. Suaide ¹⁰⁷, C. Suire ¹³⁰, A. Suiu ¹¹⁰, M. Sukhanov ¹⁴⁰, M. Suljic ³², V. Sumberia ⁸⁸, S. Sumowidagdo ⁸⁰, P. Sun¹⁰, N. B. Sundstrom ⁵⁹, L. H. Tabares ⁷, A. Tabikh ⁷¹, S. F. Taghavi ⁹², J. Takahashi ¹⁰⁸, M. A. Talamantes Johnson ⁴³, G. J. Tambave ⁷⁸, Z. Tang ¹¹⁷, J. Tanwar ⁸⁷, J. D. Tapia Takaki ¹¹⁵, N. Tapus ¹¹⁰, L. A. Tarasovicova ³⁶, M. G. Tarzila ⁴⁴, A. Tauro ³², A. Tavira García^105,130, G. Tejeda Muñoz ⁴³, L. Terlizzi ²⁴, C. Terrevoli ⁴⁹, D. Thakur ⁵⁵, S. Thakur ⁴, M. Thogersen ¹⁹, D. Thomas ¹⁰⁵, A. M. Tiekoetter ¹²⁵, N. Tiltmann ^32,125, A. R. Timmins ¹¹³, A. Toia ⁶⁴, R. Tokumoto⁸⁹, S. Tomassini ²⁵, K. Tomohiro⁸⁹, Q. Tong ⁶, V. V. Torres ¹⁰⁰, A. Trifiró ^30,52, T. Triloki ^93,l, A. S. Triolo ³², S. Tripathy ³², T. Tripathy ¹²⁶, S. Trogolo ²⁴, V. Trubnikov ³, W. H. Trzaska ¹¹⁴, T. P. Trzcinski ¹³⁵, C. Tsolanta¹⁹, R. Tu³⁹, R. Turrisi ⁵³, T. S. Tveter ¹⁹, K. Ullaland ²⁰, B. Ulukutlu ⁹², S. Upadhyaya ¹⁰⁴, A. Uras ¹²⁷, M. Urioni ²³, G. L. Usai ²², M. Vaid ⁸⁸, M. Vala ³⁶, N. Valle ⁵⁴, L. V. R. van Doremalen⁵⁹, M. van Leeuwen ⁸², C. A. van Veen ⁹¹, R. J. G. van Weelden ⁸², D. Varga ⁴⁵, Z. Varga ¹³⁷, P. Vargas Torres ⁶⁵, O. Vázquez Doce ⁴⁸, O. Vazquez Rueda ¹¹³, G. Vecil ^23,c, P. Veen ¹²⁹, E. Vercellin ²⁴, R. Verma ⁴⁶, R. Vértesi ⁴⁵, M. Verweij ⁵⁹, L. Vickovic ³³, Z. Vilakazi¹²¹, A. Villani ²³, C. J. D. Villiers ⁶⁸, T. Virgili ²⁸, M. M. O. Virta ⁴², A. Vodopyanov ¹⁴⁰, M. A. Völkl ⁹⁸, S. A. Voloshin ¹³⁶, G. Volpe ³¹, B. von Haller ³², I. Vorobyev ³², N. Vozniuk ¹⁴⁰, J. Vrláková ³⁶, J. Wan³⁹, C. Wang ³⁹, D. Wang ³⁹, Y. Wang ¹¹⁷, Y. Wang ³⁹, Y. Wang ⁶, Z. Wang ³⁹, F. Weiglhofer ³², S. C. Wenzel ³², J. P. Wessels ¹²⁵, P. K. Wiacek ², J. Wiechula ⁶⁴, J. Wikne ¹⁹, G. Wilk ⁷⁷, J. Wilkinson ⁹⁴, G. A. Willems ¹²⁵, N. Wilson ¹¹⁶, B. Windelband ⁹¹, J. Witte ⁹¹, M. Wojnar ², C. I. Worek ², J. R. Wright ¹⁰⁵, C.-T. Wu ^6,27, W. Wu^39,92, Y. Wu ¹¹⁷, K. Xiong ³⁹, Z. Xiong¹¹⁷, L. Xu ^6,127, R. Xu ⁶, Z. Xue ⁷², A. Yadav ⁴¹, A. K. Yadav ¹³⁴, Y. Yamaguchi ⁸⁹, S. Yang ⁵⁷, S. Yang ²⁰, S. Yano ⁸⁹, Z. Ye ⁷², E. R. Yeats ¹⁸, J. Yi ⁶, R. Yin³⁹, Z. Yin ⁶, I.-K. Yoo ¹⁶, J. H. Yoon ⁵⁷, H. Yu ¹², S. Yuan²⁰, A. Yuncu ⁹¹, V. Zaccolo ²³, C. Zampolli ³², F. Zanone ⁹¹, N. Zardoshti ³², P. Závada ⁶², B. Zhang ⁹¹, C. Zhang ¹²⁹, M. Zhang ^6,126, M. Zhang ^6,27, S. Zhang ³⁹, X. Zhang ⁶, Y. Zhang ¹¹⁷, Y. Zhang¹¹⁷, Z. Zhang ⁶, D. Zhou ⁶, Y. Zhou ⁸¹, Z. Zhou ³⁹, J. Zhu ³⁹, S. Zhu^94,117, Y. Zhu⁶, A. Zingaretti ²⁷, S. C. Zugravel ⁵⁵, and N. Zurlo ^54,133 (ALICE Collaboration)

¹A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
²AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
³Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
⁴Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
⁵California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
⁶Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
⁷Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
⁸Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico
⁹Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
¹⁰China Nuclear Data Center, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
¹¹China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
¹²Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
¹³Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
¹⁴Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
¹⁵Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
¹⁶Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
¹⁷Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
¹⁸Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
¹⁹Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
²⁰Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
²¹Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
²²Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
²³Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
²⁴Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
²⁵Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
²⁶Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
²⁷Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
²⁸Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
²⁹Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
³⁰Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
³¹Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica “M. Merlin” and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
³²European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
³³Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
³⁴Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
³⁵Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
³⁶Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
³⁷Faculty of Technology, Environmental and Social Sciences, Bergen, Norway
³⁸Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
³⁹Fudan University, Shanghai, China
⁴⁰Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
⁴¹Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
⁴²Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
⁴³High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
⁴⁴Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
⁴⁵HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
⁴⁶Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
⁴⁷Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
⁴⁸INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
⁴⁹INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
⁵⁰INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
⁵¹INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
⁵²INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
⁵³INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
⁵⁴INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
⁵⁵INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
⁵⁶INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
⁵⁷Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
⁵⁸Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
⁵⁹Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
⁶⁰Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
⁶¹Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
⁶²Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
⁶³Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
⁶⁴Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
⁶⁵Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
⁶⁶Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
⁶⁷Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
⁶⁸iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
⁶⁹Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
⁷⁰Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
⁷¹Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
⁷²Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
⁷³Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
⁷⁴Marietta Blau Institute, Vienna, Austria
⁷⁵Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
⁷⁶Nara Women’s University (NWU), Nara, Japan
⁷⁷National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
⁷⁸National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
⁷⁹National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
⁸⁰National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia
⁸¹Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁸²Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
⁸³Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom
⁸⁴Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
⁸⁵Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
⁸⁶Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
⁸⁷Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
⁸⁸Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
⁸⁹Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM²), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
⁹⁰Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
⁹¹Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
⁹²Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
⁹³Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
⁹⁴Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
⁹⁵Saga University, Saga, Japan
⁹⁶RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Science Program (iTHEMS), Wako, Japan
⁹⁷Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
⁹⁸School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
⁹⁹Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
¹⁰⁰SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
¹⁰¹Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
¹⁰²Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
¹⁰³Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
¹⁰⁴The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
¹⁰⁵The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
¹⁰⁶Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
¹⁰⁷Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
¹⁰⁸Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
¹⁰⁹Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
¹¹⁰Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania
¹¹¹University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
¹¹²University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
¹¹³University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
¹¹⁴University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
¹¹⁵University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
¹¹⁶University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
¹¹⁷University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
¹¹⁸University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
¹¹⁹University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
¹²⁰University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
¹²¹University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
¹²²University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
¹²³University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
¹²⁴University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Zagreb, Croatia
¹²⁵Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
¹²⁶Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
¹²⁷Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
¹²⁸Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
¹²⁹Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d’Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
¹³⁰Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
¹³¹Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
¹³²Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
¹³³Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
¹³⁴Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
¹³⁵Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
¹³⁶Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
¹³⁷Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
¹³⁸Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁹Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
¹⁴⁰Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN

^*Full author list given at the end of the Letter.
^aDeceased.
^bAlso at INFN Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
^cAlso at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy.
^dAlso at Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, Munich, Germany.
^eAlso at Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
^fAlso at Instituto de Fisica da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
^gAlso at Dipartimento DET del Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
^hAlso at University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
ⁱAlso at Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
^jAlso at Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
^kAlso at Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
^lAlso at: Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.

PDF

Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 191904 – Published 5 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5w12-tbm8

Abstract

Charged kaon-deuteron interactions offer a sensitive probe of the strangeness sector of QCD at low energy, particularly through their scattering parameters. Despite available theoretical predictions, experimental constraints remain absent, particularly for the $K^{-} d$ system. The first measurement of femtoscopic correlation functions for $K^{-} d \oplus K^{+} \bar{d}$ and $K^{+} d \oplus K^{-} \bar{d}$ particle pairs in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV$ recorded by ALICE at the LHC is presented. Correlation functions for both systems are analyzed in three centrality classes and fitted using the Lednický-Lyuboshitz model to extract the source size and strong interaction scattering lengths. The $K^{-} d$ scattering length is found to be $ℜ f_{0} = - 1.44 \pm 0.15 {(stat)}_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.10} (stat) fm$ and $ℑ f_{0} = 1.34 \pm 0.33 (stat)_{- 0.15}^{+ 0.21} (syst) fm$ , while for $K^{+} d$ the value $ℜ f_{0} = - 0.68 \pm 0.16 (stat)_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.09} (syst) fm$ is obtained. These results provide the first constraints on the $K^{\pm} d$ interaction modeling at low energy, delivering a long-awaited experimental benchmark for testing chiral QCD dynamics.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

synopsis

Probing Strangeness

Published 5 November, 2026

Close encounters between kaons and deuterons help to elucidate quantum chromodynamics in a challenging mass range.

See more in Physics

Article Text

References (79)

W. E. Humphrey and R. R. Ross, Low-energy interactions of $K^{-}$ mesons in hydrogen, Phys. Rev. 127, 1305 (1962).
C. Curceanu, C. Guaraldo, M. Iliescu, M. Cargnelli et al., The modern era of light kaonic atom experiments, Rev. Mod. Phys. 91, 025006 (2019).
M. A. Lisa, S. Pratt, R. Soltz, and U. Wiedemann, Femtoscopy in relativistic heavy ion collisions: Two decades of progress, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 55, 357 (2005).
A. D. Martin, Kaon–nucleon parameters, Nucl. Phys. B179, 33 (1981).
T. Ito et al., Observation of kaonic hydrogen atom X rays, Phys. Rev. C 58, 2366 (1998).
T. Hoshino, S. Ohnishi, W. Horiuchi, T. Hyodo, and W. Weise, Constraining the $\bar{K} N$ interaction from the $1 S$ level shift of kaonic deuterium, Phys. Rev. C 96, 045204 (2017).
Y. Ikeda, T. Hyodo, and W. Weise, Improved constraints on chiral SU(3) dynamics from kaonic hydrogen, Phys. Lett. B 706, 63 (2011).
Y. Ikeda, T. Hyodo, and W. Weise, Chiral SU(3) theory of antikaon–nucleon interactions with improved threshold constraints, Nucl. Phys. A881, 98 (2012).
B. Borasoy, U.-G. Meißner, and R. Nissler, $K^{-} p$ scattering length from scattering experiments, Phys. Rev. C 74, 055201 (2006).
Z.-W. Liu, J.-J. Wu, D. B. Leinweber, and A. W. Thomas, Kaonic hydrogen and deuterium in Hamiltonian effective field theory, Phys. Lett. B 808, 135652 (2020).
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Kaon–proton strong interaction at low relative momentum via femtoscopy in Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC, Phys. Lett. B 822, 136708 (2021).
U.-G. Meißner, Two-pole structures in QCD: Facts, not fantasy!, Symmetry 12, 981 (2020).
M. Mai, Review of the $Λ (1405)$ a curious case of a strangeness resonance, Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 230, 1593 (2021).
T. Hyodo and M. Niiyama, QCD and the strange baryon spectrum, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 120, 103868 (2021).
F. Artibani et al., The Odyssey of kaonic atoms studies at the $DA Φ NE$ collider: From DEAR to SIDDHARTA-2, Acta Phys. Pol. B 55, 5-A2 (2024).
L. Tolos and L. Fabbietti, Strangeness in nuclei and neutron stars, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 112, 103770 (2020).
T. Hell and W. Weise, Dense baryonic matter: Constraints from recent neutron star observations, Phys. Rev. C 90, 045801 (2014).
D. Lonardoni, A. Lovato, S. Gandolfi, and F. Pederiva, Hyperon puzzle: Hints from quantum Monte Carlo calculations, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 092301 (2015).
A. Gal, E. V. Hungerford, and D. J. Millener, Strangeness in nuclear physics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 88, 035004 (2016).
T. Hyodo and W. Weise, Theory of kaon-nuclear systems, Handbook of Nuclear Physics (Springer, Singapore, 2022), pp. 1–34, 10.1007/978-981-15-8818-1_38-1.
G. Toker, A. Gal, and J. M. Eisenberg, The Y $N$ interactions and $K^{-}$ reactions on deuterium at low-energies, Nucl. Phys. A362, 405 (1981).
A. Deloff, Fundamentals in Hadronic Atom Theory (World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 2003), pp. 256–300.
E. Oset, D. Jido, T. Sekihara, and A. Martinez Torres, A new perspective on the Faddeev equations and the $\bar{K} N N$ system from chiral dynamics and unitarity in coupled channels, Nucl. Phys. A881, 127 (2012).
N. V. Shevchenko, On a quasi-bound state in the $K^{-} d$ system caused by strong interactions, Few Body Syst. 61, 27 (2020).
S. S. Kamalov, E. Oset, and A. Ramos, Chiral unitary approach to the $K^{-}$ deuteron scattering length, Nucl. Phys. A690, 494 (2001).
U.-G. Meißner, U. Raha, and A. Rusetsky, Kaon-nucleon Scattering Lengths from kaonic deuterium experiments, Eur. Phys. J. C 47, 473 (2006).
M. Döring and U. G. Meißner, Kaon–nucleon scattering lengths from kaonic deuterium experiments revisited, Phys. Lett. B 704, 663 (2011).
N. V. Shevchenko and J. Révai, Faddeev calculations of the $\bar{K} NN$ system with chirally-motivated $\bar{K} N$ interaction. I. Low-Energy $K^{-} d$ scattering and antikaonic deuterium, Phys. Rev. C 90, 034003 (2014).
N. V. Shevchenko, Faddeev treatment of the quasi-bound and scattering states in the $\bar{K} NN - π Σ N$ system, Few-Body Syst. 54, 1187 (2013).
T. Mizutani, C. Fayard, B. Saghai, and K. Tsushima, Faddeev-chiral unitary approach to the $K^{-} d$ scattering length, Phys. Rev. C 87, 035201 (2013).
N. Barnea, E. Friedman, and A. Gal, On the width of the K-D atom ground state, Nucl. Phys. A1006, 122112 (2021).
P.-Y. Duerinck, R. Lazauskas, and J. Dohet-Eraly, Level shifts of exotic deuterium atoms from effective range parameters, Phys. Rev. C 111, 034003 (2025).
A. Sibirtsev, J. Haidenbauer, S. Krewald, and U.-G. Meißner, Kaon–deuteron scattering at low energies, J. Phys. G 32, R395 (2006).
J. Gasser, V. E. Lyubovitskij, and A. Rusetsky, Hadronic atoms, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 59, 169 (2009).
C. Curceanu, A. Amirkhani, A. Baniahmad, M. Bazzi et al., X-ray detectors for kaonic atoms research at $DA Φ NE$ , Condens. Matter 4, 42 (2019).
F. Sgaramella, F. Clozza, L. Abbene, F. Artibani et al., Characterization of the SIDDHARTA-2 Setup via the kaonic helium measurement, Condens. Matter 9, 16 (2024).
A. Ramos, J. M. Torres-Rincon, A. de Fagoaga, and E. Cabré, Kaon-deuteron femtoscopy from unitarized chiral interactions, Phys. Rev. D 113, 036020 (2026).
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Exploring the strong interaction of three-body systems at the LHC, Phys. Rev. X 14, 031051 (2024).
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Accessing the deuteron source with Pion–deuteron femtoscopy in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV$ , Phys. Rev. C 112, 064003 (2025).
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Femtoscopic study of the proton-proton and proton-deuteron systems in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC, Phys. Lett. B 871, 139921 (2025).
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Scattering studies with low-energy kaon–proton femtoscopy in proton–proton collisions at the LHC, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 092301 (2020).
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Measurement of strange baryon–antibaryon interactions with femtoscopic correlations, Phys. Lett. B 802, 135223 (2020).
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), p-p, $p − Λ$ and $Λ − Λ$ correlations studied via femtoscopy in pp reactions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV$ , Phys. Rev. C 99, 024001 (2019).
T. Takaki, Optical potential approach to $K^{+} d$ scattering at low energies, Phys. Rev. C 81, 055204 (2010).
H. Garcilazo, Relativistic Faddeev calculation of $K^{+} d$ scattering, Phys. Rev. C 37, 2022 (1988).
ALICE Collaboration, Performance of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 29, 1430044 (2014).
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), The ALICE Experiment: A journey through QCD, Eur. Phys. J. C 84, 813 (2024).
L. Evans and P. Bryant, LHC Machine, J. Instrum. 3, S08001 (2008).
K. Aamodt et al. (ALICE Collaboration), The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC, J. Instrum. 3, S08002 (2008).
K. Aamodt et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Alignment of the ALICE inner tracking system with cosmic-ray tracks, J. Instrum. 5, P03003 (2010).
J. Alme et al., The ALICE TPC, a large 3-dimensional tracking device with fast readout for ultra-high multiplicity events, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 622, 316 (2010).
A. Akindinov et al., Performance of the ALICE time-of-flight detector at the LHC, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 128, 44 (2013).
ALICE Collaboration, Performance of the ALICE VZERO System, J. Instrum. 8, P10016 (2013).
P. Cortese et al. (ALICE Collaboration), ALICE technical design report on forward detectors: FMD, T0 and V0 (2004), CERN-LHCC-2004-025.
B. Abelev et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Centrality determination of Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV$ with ALICE, Phys. Rev. C 88, 044909 (2013).
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Centrality determination in heavy ion collisions (2018), ALICE-PUBLIC-2018-011.
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Production of charged pions, kaons, and (anti-)protons in Pb–Pb and inelastic pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV$ , Phys. Rev. C 101, 044907 (2020).
ALICE Collaboration, Unveiling the strong interaction among hadrons at the LHC, Nature (London) 588, 232 (2020); ALICE Collaboration590, E13 (2021).
L. Fabbietti, V. Mantovani Sarti, and O. Vazquez Doce, Study of the strong interaction among hadrons with correlations at the LHC, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 71, 377 (2021).
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Constraining the $\bar{K} N$ coupled channel dynamics using femtoscopic correlations at the LHC, Eur. Phys. J. direct C 83, 340 (2023).
S. E. Koonin, Proton pictures of high-energy nuclear collisions, Phys. Lett. 70B, 43 (1977).
S. Pratt, T. Csorgo, and J. Zimanyi, Detailed predictions for two-pion correlations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 42, 2646 (1990).
S. V. Akkelin and Yu. M. Sinyukov, The HBT-interferometry of expanding sources, Phys. Lett. B 356, 525 (1995).
A. Kisiel, Non-identical particle femtoscopy at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV$ in hydrodynamics with statistical hadronization, Phys. Rev. C 81, 064906 (2010).
R. Lednicky and V. L. Lyuboshits, Final state interaction effect on pairing correlations between particles with small relative momenta, Yad. Fiz. 35, 1316 (1981) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 35, 770 (1982)].
R. Lednický, Correlation femtoscopy of multiparticle processes, Yad. Fiz. 67, 73 (2004) [Phys. At. Nucl. 67, 72 (2004)].
R. Lednický, Femtoscopic correlations of nonidentical particles, Acta Phys. Pol. B 40, 1145 (2009).
A. Kisiel, W. Florkowski, and W. Broniowski, Femtoscopy in hydro-inspired models with resonances, Phys. Rev. C 73, 064902 (2006).
A. Kisiel, Non-identical particle correlation analysis in the presence of non-femtoscopic correlations, Acta Phys. Pol. B 48, 717 (2017).
X.-N. Wang and M. Gyulassy, HIJING: A Monte Carlo model for multiple jet production in pp, pA and AA collisions, Phys. Rev. D 44, 3501 (1991).
S. Agostinelli, J. Allison, K. Amako, J. Apostolakis et al., GEANT4-a simulation toolkit, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 506, 250 (2003).
A. Kisiel, M. Gałażyn, and P. Bożek, Pion, kaon, and proton femtoscopy in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV$ modeled in $(3 + 1) D$ hydrodynamics, Phys. Rev. C 90, 064914 (2014).
A. Kisiel, Pion–kaon femtoscopy in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV$ modeled in $(3 + 1) D$ hydrodynamics coupled to therminator 2 and the effect of delayed kaon emission, Phys. Rev. C 98, 044909 (2018).
J. Adam et al. (ALICE Collaboration), One-dimensional pion, kaon, and proton femtoscopy in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV$ , Phys. Rev. C 92, 054908 (2015).
J. Zmeskal et al. (SIDDHARTA Collaboration), Kaonic atoms at DAFNE: The SIDDHARTA experiment, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 24, 190 (2009).
M. Iwasaki, R. S. Hayano, T. M. Ito, S. N. Nakamura et al., Observation of Kaonic Hydrogen $K_{α}$ X Rays, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3067 (1997).
K. Aoki and D. Jido, KN scattering amplitude revisited in a chiral unitary approach and a possible broad resonance in $S = + 1$ Channel, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2019, 013D01 (2019).
A. Kisiel, Pion–kaon Femtoscopy in Pb–Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV$ modeled in $(3 + 1) D$ hydrodynamics coupled to therminator 2 and the effect of delayed kaon emission, Phys. Rev. C 98, 044909 (2018).
https://www.hepdata.net/record/ins3123891

Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 191904– Published 5 November, 2026

Vol. 137, Iss. 19 — 6 November 2026

Received 12 March 2026
Revised 22 July 2026
Accepted 12 August 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5w12-tbm8

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by CERN.

Physical Review Letters

Reuse & Permissions

Export citation

Export citation

First Measurement of the Strong Interaction Scattering Parameters for the $K^{-} d$ and $K^{+} d$ Systems

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

synopsis

Probing Strangeness

Article Text

References (79)

Outline

Information

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation

First Measurement of the Strong Interaction Scattering Parameters for the K−d and K+d Systems

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

synopsis

Probing Strangeness

Article Text

References (79)

First Measurement of the Strong Interaction Scattering Parameters for the $K^{-} d$ and $K^{+} d$ Systems