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Experimental Observation of Hidden Multistability in Nonlinear Systems

Kun Zhang*, Qicheng Zhang*, Shuaishuai Tong, Wenquan Wu, Xiling Feng, and Chunyin Qiu†

  • Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: cyqiu@whu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 037201 – Published 20 January, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5b5b-gnjw

Abstract

Multistability—the coexistence of multiple stable states—is a cornerstone of nonlinear dynamical systems, governing their equilibrium, tunability, and emergent complexity. Recently, the concept of hidden multistability, where certain stable states evade detection via conventional continuous parameter sweeping, has garnered increasing attention due to its elusive nature and promising applications. In this Letter, we present the first experimental observation of hidden multistability using a programmable acoustic coupled-cavity platform that integrates competing self-focusing and self-defocusing Kerr nonlinearities. Beyond established bistability, we demonstrate semihidden and fully hidden tristabilities by precisely programming system parameters. Crucially, the hidden stable states, typically inaccessible via the traditional protocol, are unambiguously revealed and dynamically controlled through pulsed excitation, enabling flexible transitions between distinct types of stable states. These experimental findings not only offer new insights into the fundamental physics of emerging hidden multistability, but also unlock new avenues for applications in information storage, information encryption, and safety precaution, where multistate dynamics could enable advanced control techniques.

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Making Hidden States Visible

Published 20 January, 2026

Experiments with programmable electroacoustic cavities reveal that a multistable system can be steered into states that are unreachable with conventional control methods.

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See Also

Nonlinear Coupling Induced Anomalous State Transfer and Complete Multistate Excitation via Adiabatic Control

Zhao-Xian Chen, Yi Ru, Guang-Chen He, Ming-Hui Lu, Yan-Feng Chen, Yan-Qing Lu, and Ze-Guo Chen
Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 037202 (2026)

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