Distributed Quantum Sensing with Multimode States
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 050802 – Published 1 August, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/4vdx-7224
Abstract
Distributed quantum sensing, which estimates a global parameter across distant nodes, has attracted significant interest for applications such as quantum imaging, sensor networks, and global-scale clock synchronization. states are regarded as one of the optimal quantum resources for quantum metrology, enabling the Heisenberg scaling. Recently, the concept of states has been extended to multimode states for quantum-enhanced multiple-parameter estimation. However, the application of multimode states in distributed quantum sensing remains unexplored. Here, we propose a distributed quantum sensing scheme that achieves the Heisenberg scaling using multimode states. We theoretically show that multimode states can reach the Heisenberg scaling by examining both the Cramér-Rao bound and the quantum Cramér-Rao bound. For experimental demonstration, we employ a four-mode 2002 state to estimate the average of two spatially distributed phases, achieving a 2.74 dB sensitivity enhancement over the standard quantum limit. We believe that utilizing multimode states for distributed quantum sensing offers a promising approach for developing entanglement-enhanced sensor networks.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Corrections
18 September, 2025
Correction: A second affiliation was added for the sixth author.