Open Access

Observation of Coherent $ϕ (1020)$ Meson Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral PbPb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.36 TeV$

V. Chekhovsky¹, A. Hayrapetyan¹, V. Makarenko ¹, A. Tumasyan ^1,b, W. Adam ², J. W. Andrejkovic², L. Benato ², T. Bergauer ², K. Damanakis ² et al. (CMS Collaboration)

K. Damanakis ², M. Dragicevic ², C. Giordano², P. S. Hussain ², M. Jeitler ^2,c, N. Krammer ², A. Li ², D. Liko ², I. Mikulec ², J. Schieck ^2,c, R. Schöfbeck ^2,c, D. Schwarz ², M. Sonawane ², W. Waltenberger ², C.-E. Wulz ^2,c, T. Janssen ³, H. Kwon ³, T. Van Laer³, P. Van Mechelen ³, N. Breugelmans⁴, J. D’Hondt ⁴, S. Dansana ⁴, A. De Moor ⁴, M. Delcourt ⁴, F. Heyen⁴, Y. Hong ⁴, S. Lowette ⁴, I. Makarenko ⁴, D. Müller ⁴, S. Tavernier ⁴, M. Tytgat ^4,d, G. P. Van Onsem ⁴, S. Van Putte ⁴, D. Vannerom ⁴, B. Bilin ⁵, B. Clerbaux ⁵, A. K. Das⁵, I. De Bruyn ⁵, G. De Lentdecker ⁵, H. Evard ⁵, L. Favart ⁵, P. Gianneios ⁵, A. Khalilzadeh⁵, F. A. Khan ⁵, A. Malara ⁵, M. A. Shahzad⁵, L. Thomas ⁵, M. Vanden Bemden ⁵, C. Vander Velde ⁵, P. Vanlaer ⁵, F. Zhang ⁵, M. De Coen ⁶, D. Dobur ⁶, G. Gokbulut ⁶, J. Knolle ⁶, L. Lambrecht ⁶, D. Marckx ⁶, K. Skovpen ⁶, N. Van Den Bossche ⁶, J. van der Linden ⁶, J. Vandenbroeck ⁶, L. Wezenbeek ⁶, S. Bein ⁷, A. Benecke ⁷, A. Bethani ⁷, G. Bruno ⁷, A. Cappati ⁷, J. De Favereau De Jeneret ⁷, C. Delaere ⁷, A. Giammanco ⁷, A. O. Guzel ⁷, Sa. Jain ⁷, V. Lemaitre⁷, J. Lidrych ⁷, P. Mastrapasqua ⁷, S. Turkcapar ⁷, G. A. Alves ⁸, E. Coelho ⁸, G. Correia Silva ⁸, C. Hensel ⁸, T. Menezes De Oliveira ⁸, C. Mora Herrera ^8,e, P. Rebello Teles ⁸, M. Soeiro⁸, E. J. Tonelli Manganote ^8,f, A. Vilela Pereira ^8,e, W. L. Aldá Júnior ⁹, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho ⁹, H. Brandao Malbouisson ⁹, W. Carvalho ⁹, J. Chinellato^9,g, E. M. Da Costa ⁹, G. G. Da Silveira ^9,h, D. De Jesus Damiao ⁹, S. Fonseca De Souza ⁹, R. Gomes De Souza⁹, S. S. Jesus ⁹, T. Laux Kuhn ^9,h, M. Macedo ⁹, K. Mota Amarilo ⁹, L. Mundim ⁹, H. Nogima ⁹, J. P. Pinheiro ⁹, A. Santoro ⁹, A. Sznajder ⁹, M. Thiel ⁹, C. A. Bernardes ^10,h, L. Calligaris ¹⁰, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei¹⁰, E. M. Gregores ¹⁰, I. Maietto Silverio ¹⁰, P. G. Mercadante ¹⁰, S. F. Novaes ¹⁰, B. Orzari ¹⁰, Sandra S. Padula ¹⁰, V. Scheurer¹⁰, A. Aleksandrov ¹¹, G. Antchev ¹¹, R. Hadjiiska ¹¹, P. Iaydjiev ¹¹, M. Misheva ¹¹, M. Shopova ¹¹, G. Sultanov ¹¹, A. Dimitrov ¹², L. Litov ¹², B. Pavlov ¹², P. Petkov ¹², A. Petrov ¹², E. Shumka ¹², S. Keshri ¹³, D. Laroze ¹³, S. Thakur ¹³, T. Cheng ¹⁴, T. Javaid ¹⁴, L. Yuan ¹⁴, Z. Hu ¹⁵, Z. Liang¹⁵, J. Liu¹⁵, G. M. Chen ^16,i, H. S. Chen ^16,i, M. Chen ^16,i, Q. Hou ¹⁶, F. Iemmi ¹⁶, C. H. Jiang¹⁶, A. Kapoor ^16,j, H. Liao ¹⁶, Z.-A. Liu ^16,k, R. Sharma ^16,k, J. N. Song^16,k, J. Tao ¹⁶, C. Wang ^16,i, J. Wang ¹⁶, H. Zhang ¹⁶, J. Zhao ¹⁶, A. Agapitos ¹⁷, Y. Ban ¹⁷, A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira ¹⁷, S. Deng ¹⁷, B. Guo¹⁷, C. Jiang ¹⁷, A. Levin ¹⁷, C. Li ¹⁷, Q. Li ¹⁷, Y. Mao¹⁷, S. Qian¹⁷, S. J. Qian ¹⁷, X. Qin¹⁷, X. Sun ¹⁷, D. Wang ¹⁷, H. Yang¹⁷, Y. Zhao¹⁷, C. Zhou ¹⁷, S. Yang ¹⁸, Z. Ye ¹⁸, Z. You ¹⁹, K. Jaffel ²⁰, N. Lu ²⁰, G. Bauer^21,l, B. Li^21,m, H. Wang ²¹, K. Yi ^21,n, J. Zhang ²¹, Y. Li²², Z. Lin ²³, C. Lu ²³, M. Xiao ²³, C. Avila ²⁴, D. A. Barbosa Trujillo²⁴, A. Cabrera ²⁴, C. Florez ²⁴, J. Fraga ²⁴, J. A. Reyes Vega²⁴, J. Jaramillo ²⁵, C. Rendón ²⁵, M. Rodriguez ²⁵, A. A. Ruales Barbosa ²⁵, J. D. Ruiz Alvarez ²⁵, D. Giljanovic ²⁶, N. Godinovic ²⁶, D. Lelas ²⁶, A. Sculac ²⁶, M. Kovac ²⁷, A. Petkovic ²⁷, T. Sculac ²⁷, P. Bargassa ²⁸, V. Brigljevic ²⁸, B. K. Chitroda ²⁸, D. Ferencek ²⁸, K. Jakovcic²⁸, A. Starodumov ²⁸, T. Susa ²⁸, A. Attikis ²⁹, K. Christoforou ²⁹, A. Hadjiagapiou²⁹, C. Leonidou ²⁹, J. Mousa ²⁹, C. Nicolaou²⁹, L. Paizanos²⁹, F. Ptochos ²⁹, P. A. Razis ²⁹, H. Rykaczewski²⁹, H. Saka ²⁹, A. Stepennov ²⁹, M. Finger ³⁰, M. Finger, Jr.³⁰, A. Kveton ³⁰, E. Ayala ³¹, E. Carrera Jarrin ³², B. El-mahdy ³³, S. Khalil ^33,o, E. Salama ^33,p,q, M. Abdullah Al-Mashad ³⁴, M. A. Mahmoud ³⁴, K. Ehataht ³⁵, M. Kadastik³⁵, T. Lange ³⁵, C. Nielsen ³⁵, J. Pata ³⁵, M. Raidal ³⁵, L. Tani ³⁵, C. Veelken ³⁵, K. Osterberg ³⁶, M. Voutilainen ³⁶, N. Bin Norjoharuddeen ³⁷, E. Brücken ³⁷, F. Garcia ³⁷, P. Inkaew ³⁷, K. T. S. Kallonen ³⁷, T. Lampén ³⁷, K. Lassila-Perini ³⁷, S. Lehti ³⁷, T. Lindén ³⁷, M. Myllymäki ³⁷, M. m. 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Goerlach ⁴¹, R. Haeberle ⁴¹, A.-C. Le Bihan ⁴¹, M. Meena ⁴¹, O. Poncet ⁴¹, G. Saha ⁴¹, M. A. Sessini ⁴¹, P. Van Hove ⁴¹, P. Vaucelle ⁴¹, A. Di Florio ⁴², D. Amram⁴³, S. Beauceron ⁴³, B. Blancon ⁴³, G. Boudoul ⁴³, N. Chanon ⁴³, D. Contardo ⁴³, P. Depasse ⁴³, C. Dozen ^43,t, H. El Mamouni⁴³, J. Fay ⁴³, S. Gascon ⁴³, M. Gouzevitch ⁴³, C. Greenberg ⁴³, G. Grenier ⁴³, B. Ille ⁴³, E. Jourd‘huy⁴³, I. B. Laktineh⁴³, M. Lethuillier ⁴³, L. Mirabito⁴³, S. Perries⁴³, A. Purohit ⁴³, M. Vander Donckt ⁴³, P. Verdier ⁴³, J. Xiao ⁴³, I. Lomidze ⁴⁴, T. Toriashvili ^44,u, Z. Tsamalaidze ^44,v, V. Botta ⁴⁵, S. Consuegra Rodríguez ⁴⁵, L. Feld ⁴⁵, K. Klein ⁴⁵, M. Lipinski ⁴⁵, D. Meuser ⁴⁵, A. Pauls ⁴⁵, D. Pérez Adán ⁴⁵, N. Röwert ⁴⁵, M. Teroerde ⁴⁵, S. Diekmann ⁴⁶, A. Dodonova ⁴⁶, N. Eich ⁴⁶, D. Eliseev ⁴⁶, F. Engelke ⁴⁶, J. Erdmann ⁴⁶, M. Erdmann ⁴⁶, B. Fischer ⁴⁶, T. Hebbeker ⁴⁶, K. Hoepfner ⁴⁶, F. Ivone ⁴⁶, A. Jung ⁴⁶, N. Kumar ⁴⁶, M. y. Lee ⁴⁶, F. Mausolf ⁴⁶, M. Merschmeyer ⁴⁶, A. Meyer ⁴⁶, F. Nowotny⁴⁶, A. Pozdnyakov ⁴⁶, Y. Rath⁴⁶, W. Redjeb ⁴⁶, F. Rehm⁴⁶, H. Reithler ⁴⁶, V. Sarkisovi ⁴⁶, A. Schmidt ⁴⁶, C. Seth⁴⁶, A. Sharma ⁴⁶, J. L. Spah ⁴⁶, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo ^46,w, S. Wiedenbeck ⁴⁶, S. Zaleski⁴⁶, C. Dziwok ⁴⁷, G. Flügge ⁴⁷, T. Kress ⁴⁷, A. Nowack ⁴⁷, O. Pooth ⁴⁷, A. Stahl ⁴⁷, T. Ziemons ⁴⁷, A. Zotz ⁴⁷, H. Aarup Petersen ⁴⁸, M. Aldaya Martin ⁴⁸, J. Alimena ⁴⁸, S. Amoroso⁴⁸, Y. An ⁴⁸, J. Bach ⁴⁸, S. Baxter ⁴⁸, M. Bayatmakou ⁴⁸, H. Becerril Gonzalez ⁴⁸, O. Behnke ⁴⁸, A. Belvedere ⁴⁸, F. Blekman ^48,x, K. Borras ^48,y, A. Campbell ⁴⁸, A. Cardini ⁴⁸, S. Chatterjee ⁴⁸, F. Colombina ⁴⁸, M. De Silva ⁴⁸, G. Eckerlin⁴⁸, D. Eckstein ⁴⁸, E. Gallo ^48,x, A. Geiser ⁴⁸, V. Guglielmi ⁴⁸, M. Guthoff ⁴⁸, A. Hinzmann ⁴⁸, L. Jeppe ⁴⁸, B. Kaech ⁴⁸, M. Kasemann ⁴⁸, C. Kleinwort ⁴⁸, R. Kogler ⁴⁸, M. Komm ⁴⁸, D. Krücker ⁴⁸, W. Lange⁴⁸, D. Leyva Pernia ⁴⁸, K. Lipka ^48,z, W. Lohmann ^48,aa, F. Lorkowski ⁴⁸, R. Mankel ⁴⁸, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann ⁴⁸, M. Mendizabal Morentin ⁴⁸, A. B. Meyer ⁴⁸, G. Milella ⁴⁸, K. Moral Figueroa ⁴⁸, A. Mussgiller ⁴⁸, L. P. Nair ⁴⁸, J. Niedziela ⁴⁸, A. Nürnberg ⁴⁸, J. Park ⁴⁸, E. Ranken ⁴⁸, A. Raspereza ⁴⁸, D. Rastorguev ⁴⁸, J. Rübenach⁴⁸, L. Rygaard⁴⁸, M. Scham ^48,y,bb, S. Schnake ^48,y, P. Schütze ⁴⁸, C. Schwanenberger ^48,x, D. Selivanova ⁴⁸, K. Sharko ⁴⁸, M. Shchedrolosiev ⁴⁸, D. Stafford ⁴⁸, F. Vazzoler ⁴⁸, A. Ventura Barroso ⁴⁸, R. Walsh ⁴⁸, D. Wang ⁴⁸, Q. Wang ⁴⁸, K. Wichmann⁴⁸, L. Wiens ^48,y, C. Wissing ⁴⁸, Y. Yang ⁴⁸, S. Zakharov⁴⁸, A. Zimermmane Castro Santos ⁴⁸, A. Albrecht ⁴⁹, S. Albrecht ⁴⁹, M. Antonello ⁴⁹, S. Bollweg⁴⁹, M. Bonanomi ⁴⁹, P. Connor ⁴⁹, K. El Morabit ⁴⁹, Y. Fischer ⁴⁹, E. Garutti ⁴⁹, A. Grohsjean ⁴⁹, J. Haller ⁴⁹, D. Hundhausen⁴⁹, H. R. Jabusch ⁴⁹, G. Kasieczka ⁴⁹, P. Keicher ⁴⁹, R. Klanner ⁴⁹, W. Korcari ⁴⁹, T. Kramer ⁴⁹, C. c. Kuo⁴⁹, V. Kutzner ⁴⁹, F. Labe ⁴⁹, J. Lange ⁴⁹, A. Lobanov ⁴⁹, C. Matthies ⁴⁹, L. Moureaux ⁴⁹, M. Mrowietz⁴⁹, A. Nigamova ⁴⁹, K. Nikolopoulos⁴⁹, Y. Nissan⁴⁹, A. Paasch ⁴⁹, K. J. 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Pal ⁶⁷, R. Raturi⁶⁷, P. Sadangi⁶⁷, S. K. Swain ⁶⁷, S. Varghese ^67,oo, D. Vats ^67,oo, S. Acharya ^68,pp, A. Alpana ⁶⁸, S. Dube ⁶⁸, B. Gomber ^68,pp, P. Hazarika ⁶⁸, B. Kansal ⁶⁸, A. Laha ⁶⁸, B. Sahu ^68,pp, S. Sharma ⁶⁸, K. Y. Vaish ⁶⁸, H. Bakhshiansohi ^69,qq, A. Jafari ^69,rr, M. Zeinali ^69,ss, S. Bashiri⁷⁰, S. Chenarani ^70,tt, S. M. Etesami ⁷⁰, Y. Hosseini ⁷⁰, M. Khakzad ⁷⁰, E. Khazaie ⁷⁰, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi ⁷⁰, S. Tizchang ^70,uu, M. Felcini ⁷¹, M. Grunewald ⁷¹, M. Abbrescia ^72a,72b, M. Buonsante ^72a,72b, A. Colaleo ^72a,72b, D. Creanza ^72a,72c, B. D’Anzi ^72a,72b, N. De Filippis ^72a,72c, M. De Palma ^72a,72b, W. Elmetenawee ^72a,72b,vv, N. Ferrara ^72a,72b, L. Fiore ^72a, G. Iaselli ^72a,72c, L. Longo ^72a, M. Louka^72a,72b, G. Maggi ^72a,72c, M. Maggi ^72a, I. Margjeka ^72a, V. Mastrapasqua ^72a,72b, S. My ^72a,72b, S. Nuzzo ^72a,72b, A. Pellecchia ^72a,72b, A. Pompili ^72a,72b, G. Pugliese ^72a,72c, R. Radogna ^72a,72b, D. Ramos ^72a, A. Ranieri ^72a, L. 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Gigi¹²⁴, K. Gill ¹²⁴, F. Glege ¹²⁴, M. Glowacki¹²⁴, J. Hegeman ¹²⁴, J. K. Heikkilä ¹²⁴, B. Huber ¹²⁴, V. Innocente ¹²⁴, T. James ¹²⁴, P. Janot ¹²⁴, O. Kaluzinska ¹²⁴, O. Karacheban ^124,aa, G. Karathanasis ¹²⁴, S. Laurila ¹²⁴, P. Lecoq ¹²⁴, E. Leutgeb ¹²⁴, C. Lourenço ¹²⁴, M. Magherini ¹²⁴, L. Malgeri ¹²⁴, M. Mannelli ¹²⁴, M. Matthewman¹²⁴, A. Mehta ¹²⁴, F. Meijers ¹²⁴, S. Mersi ¹²⁴, E. Meschi ¹²⁴, M. Migliorini ¹²⁴, V. Milosevic ¹²⁴, F. Monti ¹²⁴, F. Moortgat ¹²⁴, M. Mulders ¹²⁴, I. Neutelings ¹²⁴, S. Orfanelli¹²⁴, F. Pantaleo ¹²⁴, G. Petrucciani ¹²⁴, A. Pfeiffer ¹²⁴, M. Pierini ¹²⁴, M. Pitt ¹²⁴, H. Qu ¹²⁴, D. Rabady ¹²⁴, B. Ribeiro Lopes ¹²⁴, F. Riti ¹²⁴, M. Rovere ¹²⁴, H. Sakulin ¹²⁴, R. Salvatico ¹²⁴, S. Sanchez Cruz ¹²⁴, S. Scarfi ¹²⁴, C. Schwick¹²⁴, M. Selvaggi ¹²⁴, A. Sharma ¹²⁴, K. Shchelina ¹²⁴, P. Silva ¹²⁴, P. Sphicas ^124,jjj, A. G. Stahl Leiton ¹²⁴, A. Steen ¹²⁴, S. Summers ¹²⁴, D. Treille ¹²⁴, P. Tropea ¹²⁴, D. Walter ¹²⁴, J. Wanczyk ^124,kkk, J. Wang ¹²⁴, S. Wuchterl ¹²⁴, P. Zehetner ¹²⁴, P. Zejdl ¹²⁴, W. D. Zeuner¹²⁴, T. Bevilacqua ^125,lll, L. Caminada ^125,lll, A. Ebrahimi ¹²⁵, W. Erdmann ¹²⁵, R. Horisberger ¹²⁵, Q. Ingram ¹²⁵, H. C. Kaestli ¹²⁵, D. Kotlinski ¹²⁵, C. Lange ¹²⁵, M. Missiroli ^125,lll, L. Noehte ^125,lll, T. Rohe ¹²⁵, A. Samalan¹²⁵, T. K. Aarrestad ¹²⁶, M. Backhaus ¹²⁶, G. Bonomelli ¹²⁶, A. Calandri ¹²⁶, C. Cazzaniga ¹²⁶, K. Datta ¹²⁶, P. De Bryas Dexmiers D‘archiac ^126,kkk, A. De Cosa ¹²⁶, G. Dissertori ¹²⁶, M. Dittmar¹²⁶, M. Donegà ¹²⁶, F. Eble ¹²⁶, M. Galli ¹²⁶, K. Gedia ¹²⁶, F. Glessgen ¹²⁶, C. Grab ¹²⁶, N. Härringer ¹²⁶, T. G. Harte¹²⁶, D. Hits ¹²⁶, W. Lustermann ¹²⁶, A.-M. Lyon ¹²⁶, R. A. Manzoni ¹²⁶, M. Marchegiani ¹²⁶, L. Marchese ¹²⁶, A. Mascellani ^126,kkk, F. Nessi-Tedaldi ¹²⁶, F. Pauss ¹²⁶, V. Perovic ¹²⁶, S. Pigazzini ¹²⁶, B. Ristic ¹²⁶, R. Seidita ¹²⁶, J. Steggemann ^126,kkk, A. Tarabini ¹²⁶, D. Valsecchi ¹²⁶, R. Wallny ¹²⁶, C. Amsler ^127,mmm, P. Bärtschi ¹²⁷, M. F. Canelli ¹²⁷, K. Cormier ¹²⁷, M. Huwiler ¹²⁷, W. Jin ¹²⁷, A. Jofrehei ¹²⁷, B. Kilminster ¹²⁷, S. Leontsinis ¹²⁷, S. P. Liechti ¹²⁷, A. Macchiolo ¹²⁷, P. Meiring ¹²⁷, F. Meng ¹²⁷, J. Motta ¹²⁷, A. Reimers ¹²⁷, P. Robmann¹²⁷, M. Senger ¹²⁷, E. Shokr¹²⁷, F. Stäger ¹²⁷, R. Tramontano ¹²⁷, C. Adloff^128,nnn, D. Bhowmik¹²⁸, C. M. Kuo¹²⁸, W. Lin¹²⁸, P. K. Rout ¹²⁸, P. C. Tiwari ^128,kk, L. Ceard¹²⁹, K. F. Chen ¹²⁹, Z. g. Chen¹²⁹, A. De Iorio ¹²⁹, W.-S. Hou ¹²⁹, T. h. Hsu¹²⁹, Y. w. Kao¹²⁹, S. Karmakar ¹²⁹, G. Kole ¹²⁹, Y. y. Li ¹²⁹, R.-S. Lu ¹²⁹, E. Paganis ¹²⁹, X. f. Su ¹²⁹, J. Thomas-Wilsker ¹²⁹, L. s. Tsai¹²⁹, D. Tsionou¹²⁹, H. y. Wu¹²⁹, E. Yazgan ¹²⁹, C. Asawatangtrakuldee ¹³⁰, N. Srimanobhas ¹³⁰, V. Wachirapusitanand ¹³⁰, Y. Maghrbi ¹³¹, D. Agyel ¹³², F. Boran ¹³², F. Dolek ¹³², I. Dumanoglu ^132,ooo, E. Eskut ¹³², Y. Guler ^132,ppp, E. Gurpinar Guler ^132,ppp, C. Isik ¹³², O. Kara¹³², A. Kayis Topaksu ¹³², Y. Komurcu ¹³², G. Onengut ¹³², K. Ozdemir ^132,qqq, A. Polatoz ¹³², B. Tali ^132,rrr, U. G. Tok ¹³², E. Uslan ¹³², I. S. Zorbakir ¹³², M. Yalvac ^133,sss, B. Akgun ¹³⁴, I. O. Atakisi ¹³⁴, E. Gülmez ¹³⁴, M. Kaya ^134,ttt, O. Kaya ^134,uuu, S. Tekten ^134,vvv, A. Cakir ¹³⁵, K. Cankocak ^135,ooo,www, S. Sen ^135,xxx, O. Aydilek ^136,yyy, B. Hacisahinoglu ¹³⁶, I. Hos ^136,zzz, B. Kaynak ¹³⁶, S. Ozkorucuklu ¹³⁶, O. Potok ¹³⁶, H. Sert ¹³⁶, C. Simsek ¹³⁶, C. Zorbilmez ¹³⁶, S. Cerci ¹³⁷, B. Isildak ^137,aaaa, D. Sunar Cerci ¹³⁷, T. Yetkin ¹³⁷, A. Boyaryntsev ¹³⁸, B. Grynyov ¹³⁸, L. Levchuk ¹³⁹, D. Anthony ¹⁴⁰, J. J. Brooke ¹⁴⁰, A. Bundock ¹⁴⁰, F. Bury ¹⁴⁰, E. Clement ¹⁴⁰, D. Cussans ¹⁴⁰, H. Flacher ¹⁴⁰, J. Goldstein ¹⁴⁰, H. F. Heath ¹⁴⁰, M.-L. Holmberg ¹⁴⁰, L. Kreczko ¹⁴⁰, S. Paramesvaran ¹⁴⁰, L. Robertshaw¹⁴⁰, V. J. Smith ¹⁴⁰, K. Walkingshaw Pass¹⁴⁰, A. H. Ball¹⁴¹, K. W. Bell ¹⁴¹, A. Belyaev ^141,bbbb, C. Brew ¹⁴¹, R. M. Brown ¹⁴¹, D. J. A. Cockerill ¹⁴¹, C. Cooke ¹⁴¹, A. Elliot ¹⁴¹, K. V. Ellis¹⁴¹, K. Harder ¹⁴¹, S. Harper ¹⁴¹, J. Linacre ¹⁴¹, K. Manolopoulos¹⁴¹, M. Moallemi ¹⁴¹, D. M. Newbold ¹⁴¹, E. Olaiya¹⁴¹, D. Petyt ¹⁴¹, T. Reis ¹⁴¹, A. R. Sahasransu ¹⁴¹, G. Salvi ¹⁴¹, T. Schuh¹⁴¹, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous ¹⁴¹, I. R. Tomalin ¹⁴¹, K. C. Whalen ¹⁴¹, T. Williams ¹⁴¹, I. Andreou ¹⁴², R. Bainbridge ¹⁴², P. Bloch ¹⁴², O. Buchmuller¹⁴², C. A. Carrillo Montoya ¹⁴², G. S. Chahal ^142,cccc, D. Colling ¹⁴², J. S. Dancu¹⁴², I. Das ¹⁴², P. Dauncey ¹⁴², G. Davies ¹⁴², M. Della Negra ¹⁴², S. Fayer¹⁴², G. Fedi ¹⁴², G. Hall ¹⁴², A. Howard¹⁴², G. Iles ¹⁴², C. R. Knight ¹⁴², P. Krueper¹⁴², J. Langford ¹⁴², K. H. Law ¹⁴², J. León Holgado ¹⁴², L. Lyons ¹⁴², A.-M. Magnan ¹⁴², B. Maier ¹⁴², S. Mallios¹⁴², M. Mieskolainen ¹⁴², J. Nash ^142,dddd, M. Pesaresi ¹⁴², P. B. Pradeep¹⁴², B. C. Radburn-Smith ¹⁴², A. Richards¹⁴², A. Rose ¹⁴², L. Russell ¹⁴², K. Savva ¹⁴², C. Seez ¹⁴², R. Shukla ¹⁴², A. Tapper ¹⁴², K. Uchida ¹⁴², G. P. Uttley ¹⁴², T. Virdee ^142,cc, M. Vojinovic ¹⁴², N. Wardle ¹⁴², D. Winterbottom ¹⁴², J. E. Cole ¹⁴³, A. Khan¹⁴³, P. Kyberd ¹⁴³, I. D. Reid ¹⁴³, S. Abdullin ¹⁴⁴, A. Brinkerhoff ¹⁴⁴, E. Collins ¹⁴⁴, M. R. Darwish ¹⁴⁴, J. Dittmann ¹⁴⁴, K. Hatakeyama ¹⁴⁴, V. Hegde ¹⁴⁴, J. Hiltbrand ¹⁴⁴, B. McMaster ¹⁴⁴, J. Samudio ¹⁴⁴, S. Sawant ¹⁴⁴, C. Sutantawibul ¹⁴⁴, J. Wilson ¹⁴⁴, R. Bartek ¹⁴⁵, A. Dominguez ¹⁴⁵, A. E. Simsek ¹⁴⁵, S. S. Yu ¹⁴⁵, B. Bam ¹⁴⁶, A. Buchot Perraguin ¹⁴⁶, R. Chudasama ¹⁴⁶, S. I. Cooper ¹⁴⁶, C. Crovella ¹⁴⁶, G. Fidalgo ¹⁴⁶, S. V. Gleyzer ¹⁴⁶, E. Pearson¹⁴⁶, C. U. Perez ¹⁴⁶, P. Rumerio ^146,eeee, E. Usai ¹⁴⁶, R. Yi ¹⁴⁶, G. De Castro¹⁴⁷, Z. Demiragli ¹⁴⁷, C. Erice ¹⁴⁷, C. Fangmeier ¹⁴⁷, C. Fernandez Madrazo ¹⁴⁷, E. Fontanesi ¹⁴⁷, D. Gastler ¹⁴⁷, F. Golf ¹⁴⁷, S. Jeon ¹⁴⁷, J. O‘cain¹⁴⁷, I. Reed ¹⁴⁷, J. Rohlf ¹⁴⁷, K. Salyer ¹⁴⁷, D. Sperka ¹⁴⁷, D. Spitzbart ¹⁴⁷, I. Suarez ¹⁴⁷, A. Tsatsos ¹⁴⁷, A. G. Zecchinelli ¹⁴⁷, G. Barone ¹⁴⁸, G. Benelli ¹⁴⁸, D. Cutts ¹⁴⁸, S. Ellis¹⁴⁸, L. Gouskos ¹⁴⁸, M. Hadley ¹⁴⁸, U. Heintz ¹⁴⁸, K. W. Ho ¹⁴⁸, J. M. Hogan ^148,ffff, T. Kwon ¹⁴⁸, G. Landsberg ¹⁴⁸, K. T. Lau ¹⁴⁸, J. Luo ¹⁴⁸, S. Mondal ¹⁴⁸, T. Russell¹⁴⁸, S. Sagir ^148,gggg, X. Shen ¹⁴⁸, M. Stamenkovic ¹⁴⁸, N. Venkatasubramanian¹⁴⁸, S. Abbott ¹⁴⁹, B. Barton ¹⁴⁹, C. Brainerd ¹⁴⁹, R. Breedon ¹⁴⁹, H. Cai ¹⁴⁹, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez ¹⁴⁹, M. Chertok ¹⁴⁹, M. Citron ¹⁴⁹, J. Conway ¹⁴⁹, P. T. Cox ¹⁴⁹, R. Erbacher ¹⁴⁹, F. Jensen ¹⁴⁹, O. Kukral ¹⁴⁹, G. Mocellin ¹⁴⁹, M. Mulhearn ¹⁴⁹, S. Ostrom ¹⁴⁹, W. Wei ¹⁴⁹, S. Yoo ¹⁴⁹, K. Adamidis¹⁵⁰, M. Bachtis ¹⁵⁰, D. Campos¹⁵⁰, R. Cousins ¹⁵⁰, A. Datta ¹⁵⁰, G. Flores Avila ¹⁵⁰, J. Hauser ¹⁵⁰, M. Ignatenko ¹⁵⁰, M. A. Iqbal ¹⁵⁰, T. Lam ¹⁵⁰, Y. f. Lo¹⁵⁰, E. Manca ¹⁵⁰, A. Nunez Del Prado¹⁵⁰, D. Saltzberg ¹⁵⁰, V. Valuev ¹⁵⁰, R. Clare ¹⁵¹, J. W. Gary ¹⁵¹, G. Hanson ¹⁵¹, A. Aportela¹⁵², A. Arora ¹⁵², J. G. Branson ¹⁵², S. Cittolin ¹⁵², S. Cooperstein ¹⁵², D. Diaz ¹⁵², J. Duarte ¹⁵², L. Giannini ¹⁵², Y. Gu¹⁵², J. Guiang ¹⁵², R. Kansal ¹⁵², V. Krutelyov ¹⁵², R. Lee ¹⁵², J. Letts ¹⁵², M. Masciovecchio ¹⁵², F. Mokhtar ¹⁵², S. Mukherjee ¹⁵², M. Pieri ¹⁵², D. Primosch¹⁵², M. Quinnan ¹⁵², V. Sharma ¹⁵², M. Tadel ¹⁵², E. Vourliotis ¹⁵², F. Würthwein ¹⁵², Y. Xiang ¹⁵², A. Yagil ¹⁵², A. Barzdukas ¹⁵³, L. Brennan ¹⁵³, C. Campagnari ¹⁵³, K. Downham ¹⁵³, C. Grieco ¹⁵³, M. M. Hussain¹⁵³, J. Incandela ¹⁵³, J. Kim¹⁵³, A. J. Li ¹⁵³, P. Masterson ¹⁵³, H. Mei ¹⁵³, J. Richman ¹⁵³, S. N. Santpur ¹⁵³, U. Sarica ¹⁵³, R. Schmitz ¹⁵³, F. Setti ¹⁵³, J. Sheplock ¹⁵³, D. Stuart ¹⁵³, T. Á. Vámi ¹⁵³, X. Yan ¹⁵³, D. Zhang¹⁵³, A. Albert¹⁵⁴, S. Bhattacharya ¹⁵⁴, A. Bornheim ¹⁵⁴, O. Cerri¹⁵⁴, J. Mao ¹⁵⁴, H. B. Newman ¹⁵⁴, G. Reales Gutiérrez¹⁵⁴, M. Spiropulu ¹⁵⁴, J. R. Vlimant ¹⁵⁴, S. Xie ¹⁵⁴, R. Y. Zhu ¹⁵⁴, J. Alison ¹⁵⁵, S. An ¹⁵⁵, P. Bryant ¹⁵⁵, M. Cremonesi¹⁵⁵, V. Dutta ¹⁵⁵, T. Ferguson ¹⁵⁵, T. A. Gómez Espinosa ¹⁵⁵, A. Harilal ¹⁵⁵, A. Kallil Tharayil¹⁵⁵, M. Kanemura¹⁵⁵, C. Liu ¹⁵⁵, T. Mudholkar ¹⁵⁵, S. Murthy ¹⁵⁵, P. Palit ¹⁵⁵, K. Park¹⁵⁵, M. Paulini ¹⁵⁵, A. Roberts ¹⁵⁵, A. Sanchez ¹⁵⁵, W. Terrill ¹⁵⁵, J. P. Cumalat ¹⁵⁶, W. T. Ford ¹⁵⁶, A. Hart ¹⁵⁶, A. Hassani ¹⁵⁶, N. 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Askew ¹⁶⁰, S. Bower ¹⁶⁰, R. Hashmi ¹⁶⁰, R. S. Kim ¹⁶⁰, S. Kim ¹⁶⁰, T. Kolberg ¹⁶⁰, G. Martinez¹⁶⁰, H. Prosper ¹⁶⁰, P. R. Prova¹⁶⁰, M. Wulansatiti ¹⁶⁰, R. Yohay ¹⁶⁰, J. Zhang¹⁶⁰, B. Alsufyani ¹⁶¹, S. Butalla ¹⁶¹, S. Das ¹⁶¹, T. Elkafrawy ^161,q, M. Hohlmann ¹⁶¹, E. Yanes¹⁶¹, M. R. Adams ¹⁶², A. Baty ¹⁶², C. Bennett¹⁶², R. Cavanaugh ¹⁶², R. Escobar Franco ¹⁶², O. Evdokimov ¹⁶², C. E. Gerber ¹⁶², H. Gupta¹⁶², M. Hawksworth¹⁶², A. Hingrajiya¹⁶², D. J. Hofman ¹⁶², J. h. Lee ¹⁶², D. S. Lemos ¹⁶², C. Mills ¹⁶², S. Nanda ¹⁶², B. Ozek ¹⁶², D. Pilipovic ¹⁶², R. Pradhan ¹⁶², E. Prifti¹⁶², P. Roy¹⁶², T. Roy ¹⁶², S. Rudrabhatla ¹⁶², N. Singh¹⁶², M. B. Tonjes ¹⁶², N. Varelas ¹⁶², M. A. Wadud ¹⁶², Z. Ye ¹⁶², J. Yoo ¹⁶², M. Alhusseini ¹⁶³, D. Blend¹⁶³, K. Dilsiz ^163,jjjj, L. Emediato ¹⁶³, G. Karaman ¹⁶³, O. K. Köseyan ¹⁶³, J.-P. Merlo¹⁶³, A. Mestvirishvili ^163,kkkk, O. Neogi¹⁶³, H. Ogul ^163,llll, Y. Onel ¹⁶³, A. Penzo ¹⁶³, C. Snyder¹⁶³, E. Tiras ^163,mmmm, B. Blumenfeld ¹⁶⁴, L. Corcodilos ¹⁶⁴, J. Davis ¹⁶⁴, A. V. Gritsan ¹⁶⁴, L. Kang ¹⁶⁴, S. Kyriacou ¹⁶⁴, P. Maksimovic ¹⁶⁴, M. Roguljic ¹⁶⁴, J. Roskes ¹⁶⁴, S. Sekhar ¹⁶⁴, M. Swartz ¹⁶⁴, A. Abreu ¹⁶⁵, L. F. Alcerro Alcerro ¹⁶⁵, J. Anguiano ¹⁶⁵, S. Arteaga Escatel ¹⁶⁵, P. Baringer ¹⁶⁵, A. Bean ¹⁶⁵, Z. Flowers ¹⁶⁵, D. Grove ¹⁶⁵, J. King ¹⁶⁵, G. Krintiras ¹⁶⁵, M. Lazarovits ¹⁶⁵, C. Le Mahieu ¹⁶⁵, J. Marquez ¹⁶⁵, M. Murray ¹⁶⁵, M. Nickel ¹⁶⁵, S. Popescu ^165,nnnn, C. Rogan ¹⁶⁵, C. Royon ¹⁶⁵, S. Sanders ¹⁶⁵, C. Smith ¹⁶⁵, G. Wilson ¹⁶⁵, B. Allmond ¹⁶⁶, R. Gujju Gurunadha ¹⁶⁶, A. Ivanov ¹⁶⁶, K. Kaadze ¹⁶⁶, Y. Maravin ¹⁶⁶, J. Natoli ¹⁶⁶, D. Roy ¹⁶⁶, G. Sorrentino ¹⁶⁶, A. Baden ¹⁶⁷, A. Belloni ¹⁶⁷, J. Bistany-riebman¹⁶⁷, S. C. Eno ¹⁶⁷, N. J. Hadley ¹⁶⁷, S. Jabeen ¹⁶⁷, R. G. Kellogg ¹⁶⁷, T. Koeth ¹⁶⁷, B. Kronheim¹⁶⁷, S. Lascio ¹⁶⁷, P. Major ¹⁶⁷, A. C. Mignerey ¹⁶⁷, S. Nabili ¹⁶⁷, C. Palmer ¹⁶⁷, C. Papageorgakis ¹⁶⁷, M. M. Paranjpe¹⁶⁷, E. Popova ^167,oooo, A. Shevelev ¹⁶⁷, L. Wang ¹⁶⁷, L. Zhang ¹⁶⁷, C. Baldenegro Barrera ¹⁶⁸, J. Bendavid ¹⁶⁸, S. Bright-Thonney ¹⁶⁸, I. A. Cali ¹⁶⁸, P. c. Chou ¹⁶⁸, M. D’Alfonso ¹⁶⁸, J. Eysermans ¹⁶⁸, C. Freer ¹⁶⁸, G. Gomez-Ceballos ¹⁶⁸, M. Goncharov¹⁶⁸, G. Grosso¹⁶⁸, P. Harris¹⁶⁸, D. Hoang¹⁶⁸, D. Kovalskyi ¹⁶⁸, J. Krupa ¹⁶⁸, L. Lavezzo ¹⁶⁸, Y.-J. Lee ¹⁶⁸, K. Long ¹⁶⁸, C. Mcginn ¹⁶⁸, A. Novak ¹⁶⁸, M. I. Park ¹⁶⁸, C. Paus ¹⁶⁸, C. Reissel ¹⁶⁸, C. Roland ¹⁶⁸, G. Roland ¹⁶⁸, S. Rothman ¹⁶⁸, G. S. F. Stephans ¹⁶⁸, Z. Wang ¹⁶⁸, B. Wyslouch ¹⁶⁸, T. J. Yang ¹⁶⁸, B. Crossman ¹⁶⁹, C. Kapsiak ¹⁶⁹, M. Krohn ¹⁶⁹, D. Mahon ¹⁶⁹, J. Mans ¹⁶⁹, B. Marzocchi ¹⁶⁹, M. Revering ¹⁶⁹, R. Rusack ¹⁶⁹, R. Saradhy ¹⁶⁹, N. Strobbe ¹⁶⁹, K. Bloom ¹⁷⁰, D. R. Claes ¹⁷⁰, G. Haza ¹⁷⁰, J. Hossain ¹⁷⁰, C. Joo ¹⁷⁰, I. Kravchenko ¹⁷⁰, A. Rohilla ¹⁷⁰, J. E. Siado ¹⁷⁰, W. Tabb ¹⁷⁰, A. Vagnerini ¹⁷⁰, A. Wightman ¹⁷⁰, F. Yan ¹⁷⁰, D. Yu ¹⁷⁰, H. Bandyopadhyay ¹⁷¹, L. Hay ¹⁷¹, H. w. Hsia ¹⁷¹, I. Iashvili ¹⁷¹, A. Kalogeropoulos ¹⁷¹, A. Kharchilava ¹⁷¹, M. Morris ¹⁷¹, D. Nguyen ¹⁷¹, S. Rappoccio ¹⁷¹, H. Rejeb Sfar¹⁷¹, A. Williams ¹⁷¹, P. Young ¹⁷¹, G. Alverson ¹⁷², E. Barberis ¹⁷², J. Bonilla ¹⁷², B. Bylsma¹⁷², M. Campana ¹⁷², J. Dervan ¹⁷², Y. Haddad ¹⁷², Y. Han ¹⁷², I. Israr ¹⁷², A. Krishna ¹⁷², P. Levchenko ¹⁷², J. Li ¹⁷², M. Lu ¹⁷², R. Mccarthy ¹⁷², D. M. Morse ¹⁷², T. Orimoto ¹⁷², A. Parker ¹⁷², L. Skinnari ¹⁷², C. S. Thoreson¹⁷², E. Tsai ¹⁷², D. Wood ¹⁷², S. Dittmer ¹⁷³, K. A. Hahn ¹⁷³, D. Li ¹⁷³, Y. Liu ¹⁷³, M. Mcginnis ¹⁷³, Y. Miao ¹⁷³, D. G. Monk ¹⁷³, M. H. Schmitt ¹⁷³, A. Taliercio ¹⁷³, M. Velasco¹⁷³, G. Agarwal ¹⁷⁴, R. Band ¹⁷⁴, R. Bucci¹⁷⁴, S. Castells ¹⁷⁴, A. Das ¹⁷⁴, R. Goldouzian ¹⁷⁴, M. Hildreth ¹⁷⁴, K. Hurtado Anampa ¹⁷⁴, T. Ivanov ¹⁷⁴, C. Jessop ¹⁷⁴, K. Lannon ¹⁷⁴, J. Lawrence ¹⁷⁴, N. Loukas ¹⁷⁴, L. Lutton ¹⁷⁴, J. Mariano¹⁷⁴, N. Marinelli¹⁷⁴, I. Mcalister¹⁷⁴, T. McCauley ¹⁷⁴, C. Mcgrady ¹⁷⁴, C. Moore ¹⁷⁴, Y. Musienko ^174,v, H. Nelson ¹⁷⁴, M. Osherson ¹⁷⁴, A. Piccinelli ¹⁷⁴, R. Ruchti ¹⁷⁴, A. Townsend ¹⁷⁴, Y. Wan¹⁷⁴, M. Wayne ¹⁷⁴, H. Yockey¹⁷⁴, M. Zarucki ¹⁷⁴, L. Zygala ¹⁷⁴, A. Basnet ¹⁷⁵, M. Carrigan ¹⁷⁵, L. S. Durkin ¹⁷⁵, C. Hill ¹⁷⁵, M. Joyce ¹⁷⁵, M. Nunez Ornelas ¹⁷⁵, K. Wei¹⁷⁵, D. A. Wenzl¹⁷⁵, B. L. Winer ¹⁷⁵, B. R. Yates ¹⁷⁵, H. Bouchamaoui ¹⁷⁶, K. Coldham¹⁷⁶, P. Das ¹⁷⁶, G. Dezoort ¹⁷⁶, P. Elmer ¹⁷⁶, P. Fackeldey ¹⁷⁶, A. Frankenthal ¹⁷⁶, B. Greenberg ¹⁷⁶, N. Haubrich ¹⁷⁶, K. Kennedy¹⁷⁶, G. Kopp ¹⁷⁶, S. Kwan ¹⁷⁶, Y. Lai ¹⁷⁶, D. Lange ¹⁷⁶, A. Loeliger ¹⁷⁶, D. Marlow ¹⁷⁶, I. Ojalvo ¹⁷⁶, J. Olsen ¹⁷⁶, F. Simpson ¹⁷⁶, D. Stickland ¹⁷⁶, C. Tully ¹⁷⁶, L. H. Vage¹⁷⁶, S. Malik ¹⁷⁷, R. Sharma¹⁷⁷, A. S. Bakshi ¹⁷⁸, S. Chandra ¹⁷⁸, R. Chawla ¹⁷⁸, A. Gu ¹⁷⁸, L. Gutay¹⁷⁸, M. Jones ¹⁷⁸, A. W. Jung ¹⁷⁸, M. Liu ¹⁷⁸, G. Negro ¹⁷⁸, N. Neumeister ¹⁷⁸, G. Paspalaki ¹⁷⁸, S. Piperov ¹⁷⁸, J. F. Schulte ¹⁷⁸, A. K. Virdi ¹⁷⁸, F. Wang ¹⁷⁸, A. Wildridge ¹⁷⁸, W. Xie ¹⁷⁸, Y. Yao ¹⁷⁸, J. Dolen ¹⁷⁹, N. Parashar ¹⁷⁹, A. Pathak ¹⁷⁹, D. Acosta ¹⁸⁰, A. Agrawal ¹⁸⁰, T. Carnahan ¹⁸⁰, K. M. Ecklund ¹⁸⁰, P. J. Fernández Manteca ¹⁸⁰, S. Freed¹⁸⁰, P. Gardner¹⁸⁰, F. J. M. Geurts ¹⁸⁰, T. Huang ¹⁸⁰, I. Krommydas ¹⁸⁰, W. Li ¹⁸⁰, J. Lin ¹⁸⁰, O. Miguel Colin ¹⁸⁰, B. P. Padley ¹⁸⁰, R. Redjimi¹⁸⁰, J. Rotter ¹⁸⁰, E. Yigitbasi ¹⁸⁰, Y. Zhang ¹⁸⁰, A. Bodek ¹⁸¹, P. de Barbaro ¹⁸¹, R. Demina ¹⁸¹, J. L. Dulemba ¹⁸¹, A. Garcia-Bellido ¹⁸¹, O. Hindrichs ¹⁸¹, A. Khukhunaishvili ¹⁸¹, N. Parmar ¹⁸¹, P. Parygin ^181,oooo, R. Taus ¹⁸¹, B. Chiarito¹⁸², J. P. Chou ¹⁸², S. V. Clark ¹⁸², D. Gadkari ¹⁸², Y. Gershtein ¹⁸², E. Halkiadakis ¹⁸², M. Heindl ¹⁸², C. Houghton ¹⁸², D. Jaroslawski ¹⁸², S. Konstantinou ¹⁸², I. Laflotte ¹⁸², A. Lath ¹⁸², J. Martins ¹⁸², R. Montalvo¹⁸², K. Nash¹⁸², J. Reichert ¹⁸², P. Saha ¹⁸², S. Salur ¹⁸², S. Schnetzer¹⁸², S. Somalwar ¹⁸², R. Stone ¹⁸², S. A. Thayil ¹⁸², S. Thomas¹⁸², J. Vora ¹⁸², D. Ally ¹⁸³, A. G. Delannoy ¹⁸³, S. Fiorendi ¹⁸³, S. Higginbotham ¹⁸³, T. Holmes ¹⁸³, A. R. Kanuganti ¹⁸³, N. Karunarathna ¹⁸³, L. Lee ¹⁸³, E. Nibigira ¹⁸³, S. Spanier ¹⁸³, D. Aebi ¹⁸⁴, M. Ahmad ¹⁸⁴, T. Akhter ¹⁸⁴, K. Androsov ¹⁸⁴, A. Bolshov¹⁸⁴, O. Bouhali ^184,pppp, R. Eusebi ¹⁸⁴, J. Gilmore ¹⁸⁴, T. Kamon ¹⁸⁴, H. Kim ¹⁸⁴, S. Luo ¹⁸⁴, R. Mueller ¹⁸⁴, A. Safonov ¹⁸⁴, N. Akchurin ¹⁸⁵, J. Damgov ¹⁸⁵, Y. Feng ¹⁸⁵, N. Gogate ¹⁸⁵, Y. Kazhykarim¹⁸⁵, K. Lamichhane ¹⁸⁵, S. W. Lee ¹⁸⁵, C. Madrid ¹⁸⁵, A. Mankel ¹⁸⁵, T. Peltola ¹⁸⁵, I. Volobouev ¹⁸⁵, E. Appelt ¹⁸⁶, Y. Chen ¹⁸⁶, S. Greene¹⁸⁶, A. Gurrola ¹⁸⁶, W. Johns ¹⁸⁶, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli ¹⁸⁶, A. Melo ¹⁸⁶, D. Rathjens ¹⁸⁶, F. Romeo ¹⁸⁶, P. Sheldon ¹⁸⁶, S. Tuo ¹⁸⁶, J. Velkovska ¹⁸⁶, J. Viinikainen ¹⁸⁶, B. Cardwell ¹⁸⁷, H. Chung¹⁸⁷, B. Cox ¹⁸⁷, J. Hakala ¹⁸⁷, R. Hirosky ¹⁸⁷, A. Ledovskoy ¹⁸⁷, C. Mantilla ¹⁸⁷, C. Neu ¹⁸⁷, C. Ramón Álvarez ¹⁸⁷, S. Bhattacharya ¹⁸⁸, P. E. Karchin ¹⁸⁸, A. Aravind ¹⁸⁹, S. Banerjee ¹⁸⁹, K. Black ¹⁸⁹, T. Bose ¹⁸⁹, E. Chavez ¹⁸⁹, S. Dasu ¹⁸⁹, P. Everaerts ¹⁸⁹, C. Galloni¹⁸⁹, H. He ¹⁸⁹, M. Herndon ¹⁸⁹, A. Herve ¹⁸⁹, C. K. Koraka ¹⁸⁹, A. Lanaro¹⁸⁹, R. Loveless ¹⁸⁹, A. Mallampalli ¹⁸⁹, A. Mohammadi ¹⁸⁹, S. Mondal¹⁸⁹, G. Parida ¹⁸⁹, L. Pétré ¹⁸⁹, D. Pinna¹⁸⁹, A. Savin¹⁸⁹, V. Shang ¹⁸⁹, V. Sharma ¹⁸⁹, W. H. Smith ¹⁸⁹, D. Teague¹⁸⁹, H. F. Tsoi ¹⁸⁹, W. Vetens ¹⁸⁹, A. Warden ¹⁸⁹, S. Afanasiev ¹⁹⁰, V. Alexakhin ¹⁹⁰, Yu. Andreev ¹⁹⁰, T. Aushev ¹⁹⁰, D. Budkouski ¹⁹⁰, M. Danilov ^190,oooo, T. Dimova ^190,oooo, A. Ershov ^190,oooo, I. Golutvin ^190,a, I. Gorbunov ¹⁹⁰, A. Gribushin ^190,oooo, V. Karjavine ¹⁹⁰, V. Klyukhin ^190,oooo, O. Kodolova ^{190,oooo,qqqq}, V. Korenkov ¹⁹⁰, A. Kozyrev ^190,oooo, A. Lanev ¹⁹⁰, A. Malakhov ¹⁹⁰, V. Matveev ^190,oooo, A. Nikitenko ^{190,qqqq,rrrr}, V. Palichik ¹⁹⁰, V. Perelygin ¹⁹⁰, S. Petrushanko ^190,oooo, O. Radchenko ^190,oooo, M. Savina ¹⁹⁰, V. Shalaev ¹⁹⁰, S. Shmatov ¹⁹⁰, S. Shulha ¹⁹⁰, Y. Skovpen ^190,oooo, V. Smirnov ¹⁹⁰, O. Teryaev ¹⁹⁰, I. Tlisova ^190,oooo, A. Toropin ¹⁹⁰, N. Voytishin ¹⁹⁰, B. S. Yuldashev^190,a,ssss, A. Zarubin ¹⁹⁰, I. Zhizhin ¹⁹⁰, G. Gavrilov ¹⁹¹, V. Golovtcov ¹⁹¹, Y. Ivanov ¹⁹¹, V. Kim ^191,oooo, V. Murzin ¹⁹¹, V. Oreshkin ¹⁹¹, D. Sosnov ¹⁹¹, V. Sulimov ¹⁹¹, L. Uvarov ¹⁹¹, A. Vorobyev^191,a, A. Dermenev ¹⁹¹, S. Gninenko ¹⁹¹, N. Golubev ¹⁹¹, A. Karneyeu ¹⁹¹, D. Kirpichnikov ¹⁹¹, M. Kirsanov ¹⁹¹, N. Krasnikov ¹⁹¹, K. Ivanov ¹⁹¹, V. Gavrilov ¹⁹¹, N. Lychkovskaya ¹⁹¹, V. Popov ¹⁹¹, A. Zhokin ¹⁹¹, R. Chistov ^191,oooo, S. Polikarpov ^191,oooo, V. Andreev ¹⁹¹, M. Azarkin ¹⁹¹, M. Kirakosyan¹⁹¹, A. Terkulov ¹⁹¹, E. Boos ¹⁹¹, L. Khein ¹⁹¹, V. Korotkikh¹⁹¹, V. Savrin ¹⁹¹, A. Snigirev ¹⁹¹, I. Vardanyan ¹⁹¹, V. Blinov^191,oooo, V. Kachanov ¹⁹¹, S. Slabospitskii ¹⁹¹, A. Uzunian ¹⁹¹, A. Babaev ¹⁹¹, V. Borshch ¹⁹¹, and D. Druzhkin ¹⁹¹ (CMS Collaboration)

¹Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
²Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria
³Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
⁴Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
⁵Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
⁶Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
⁷Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
⁸Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁹Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
¹⁰Universidade Estadual Paulista, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
¹¹Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹²University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹³Instituto De Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7 D, Arica, Chile
¹⁴Beihang University, Beijing, China
¹⁵Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
¹⁶Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
¹⁷State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
¹⁸State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
¹⁹Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
²⁰University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
²¹Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
²²Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE)—Fudan University, Shanghai, China
²³Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
²⁴Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
²⁵Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
²⁶University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Split, Croatia
²⁷University of Split, Faculty of Science, Split, Croatia
²⁸Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia
²⁹University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
³⁰Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
³¹Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
³²Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
³³Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt, Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Egypt
³⁴Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU), Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
³⁵National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
³⁶Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
³⁷Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
³⁸Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
³⁹IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁴⁰Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
⁴¹Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
⁴²Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France
⁴³Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), Villeurbanne, France
⁴⁴Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
⁴⁵RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁶RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁷RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁸Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
⁴⁹University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
⁵⁰Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany
⁵¹Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP), NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
⁵²National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵³National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵⁴University of Ioánnina, Ioánnina, Greece
⁵⁵HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁶MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁷Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
⁵⁸HUN-REN ATOMKI—Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
⁵⁹Karoly Robert Campus, MATE Institute of Technology, Gyongyos, Hungary
⁶⁰Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
⁶¹University of Delhi, Delhi, India
⁶²Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
⁶³Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
⁶⁴Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Madras, India
⁶⁵Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-A, Mumbai, India
⁶⁶Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-B, Mumbai, India
⁶⁷National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
⁶⁸Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
⁶⁹Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
⁷⁰Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
⁷¹University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
^72aINFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
^72bUniversità di Bari, Bari, Italy
^72cPolitecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
^73aINFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^73bUniversità di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^74aINFN Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
^74bUniversità di Catania, Catania, Italy
^75aINFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
^75bUniversità di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
⁷⁶INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
^77aINFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
^77bUniversità di Genova, Genova, Italy
^78aINFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
^78bUniversità di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
^79aINFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
^79bUniversità di Napoli “Federico II,” Napoli, Italy
^79cUniversità della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
^79dScuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), Napoli, Italy
^80aINFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
^80bUniversità di Padova, Padova, Italy
^80cUniversità di Trento, Trento, Italy
^81aINFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
^81bUniversità di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
^82aINFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
^82bUniversità di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
^83aINFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^83bUniversità di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^83cScuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^83dUniversità di Siena, Siena, Italy
^84aINFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
^84bSapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
^85aINFN Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
^85bUniversità di Torino, Torino, Italy
^85cUniversità del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
^86aINFN Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
^86bUniversità di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
⁸⁷Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
⁸⁸Department of Mathematics and Physics—GWNU, Gangneung, Korea
⁸⁹Chonnam National University, Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju, Korea
⁹⁰Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
⁹¹Korea University, Seoul, Korea
⁹²Kyung Hee University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Korea
⁹³Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁴Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁵University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁶Yonsei University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁷Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
⁹⁸College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East (AUM), Dasman, Kuwait
⁹⁹Kuwait University—College of Science—Department of Physics, Safat, Kuwait
¹⁰⁰Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
¹⁰¹University of Latvia (LU), Riga, Latvia
¹⁰²Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
¹⁰³National Centre for Particle Physics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
¹⁰⁴Universidad de Sonora (UNISON), Hermosillo, Mexico
¹⁰⁵Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
¹⁰⁶Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
¹⁰⁷Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
¹⁰⁸University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
¹⁰⁹University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
¹¹⁰National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
¹¹¹AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
¹¹²National Centre for Nuclear Research, Swierk, Poland
¹¹³Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
¹¹⁴Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
¹¹⁵Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisboa, Portugal
¹¹⁶Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
¹¹⁷VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
¹¹⁸Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
¹¹⁹Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
¹²⁰Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Espaciales de Asturias (ICTEA), Oviedo, Spain
¹²¹Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
¹²²University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
¹²³University of Ruhuna, Department of Physics, Matara, Sri Lanka
¹²⁴CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
¹²⁵PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences, Villigen, Switzerland
¹²⁶ETH Zurich—Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics (IPA), Zurich, Switzerland
¹²⁷Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
¹²⁸National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
¹²⁹National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
¹³⁰High Energy Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
¹³¹Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
¹³²Çukurova University, Physics Department, Science and Art Faculty, Adana, Turkey
¹³³Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara, Turkey
¹³⁴Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁵Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁶Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁷Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹³⁸Institute for Scintillation Materials of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
¹³⁹National Science Centre, Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkiv, Ukraine
¹⁴⁰University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
¹⁴¹Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
¹⁴²Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
¹⁴³Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
¹⁴⁴Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
¹⁴⁵Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
¹⁴⁶The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
¹⁴⁷Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁴⁸Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
¹⁴⁹University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
¹⁵⁰University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
¹⁵¹University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
¹⁵²University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
¹⁵³University of California, Santa Barbara—Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California, USA
¹⁵⁴California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
¹⁵⁵Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
¹⁵⁶University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
¹⁵⁷Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
¹⁵⁸Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
¹⁵⁹University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
¹⁶⁰Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
¹⁶¹Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
¹⁶²University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
¹⁶³The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
¹⁶⁴Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
¹⁶⁵The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
¹⁶⁶Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
¹⁶⁷University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
¹⁶⁸Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁶⁹University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
¹⁷⁰University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
¹⁷¹State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
¹⁷²Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁷³Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
¹⁷⁴University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
¹⁷⁵The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
¹⁷⁶Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
¹⁷⁷University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
¹⁷⁸Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
¹⁷⁹Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana, USA
¹⁸⁰Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
¹⁸¹University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
¹⁸²Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
¹⁸³University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
¹⁸⁴Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
¹⁸⁵Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
¹⁸⁶Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
¹⁸⁷University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
¹⁸⁸Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
¹⁸⁹University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
¹⁹⁰An institute or international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
¹⁹¹An institute formerly covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN

^*Full author list given at the end of the Letter.
^aDeceased.
^bAlso at Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.
^cAlso at TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
^dAlso at Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
^eAlso at Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
^fAlso at FACAMP—Faculdades de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
^gAlso at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
^hAlso at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
ⁱAlso at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
^jAlso at China Center of Advanced Science and Technology, Beijing, China.
^kAlso at China Spallation Neutron Source, Guangdong, China.
^lPresent address: Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
^mAlso at University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
ⁿPresent address: The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
^oAlso at Zewail City of Science and Technology, Zewail, Egypt.
^pAlso at British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
^qPresent address: Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
^rAlso at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
^sAlso at Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France.
^tAlso at Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^uAlso at Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
^vAlso at Another institute or international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
^wAlso at The University of the State of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
^xAlso at University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
^yAlso at RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.
^zAlso at Bergische University Wuppertal (BUW), Wuppertal, Germany.
^aaAlso at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany.
^bbAlso at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Juelich, Germany.
^ccAlso at CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland.
^ddAlso at HUN-REN ATOMKI—Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary.
^eePresent address: Universitatea Babes-Bolyai—Facultatea de Fizica, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
^ffAlso at MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
^ggAlso at HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary.
^hhAlso at Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
ⁱⁱAlso at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
^jjAlso at University of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India.
^kkAlso at Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India.
^llAlso at Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
^mmAlso at UPES—University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
ⁿⁿAlso at IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.
^ooAlso at Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India.
^ppAlso at University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
^qqAlso at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.
^rrAlso at Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
^ssAlso at Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
^ttAlso at Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran.
^uuAlso at Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, ARAK, Iran.
^vvAlso at Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
^wwAlso at Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Bologna, Italy.
^xxAlso at Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e di Struttura Della Materia, Catania, Italy.
^yyAlso at Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, Roma, Italy.
^zzAlso at Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Università di Napoli “Federico II,” Napoli, Italy.
^aaaAlso at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA.
^bbbAlso at Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden.
^cccAlso at Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Perugia, Italy.
^dddAlso at Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), Villeurbanne, France.
^eeeAlso at Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
^fffAlso at Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico.
^gggAlso at INFN Sezione di Torino, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
^hhhAlso at Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Nilaveli, Sri Lanka.
ⁱⁱⁱAlso at Saegis Campus, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
^jjjAlso at National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
^kkkAlso at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
^lllAlso at Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
^mmmAlso at Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Vienna, Austria.
ⁿⁿⁿAlso at Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, IN2P3-CNRS, Annecy-le-Vieux, France.
^oooAlso at Near East University, Research Center of Experimental Health Science, Mersin, Turkey.
^pppAlso at Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
^qqqAlso at Izmir Bakircay University, Izmir, Turkey.
^rrrAlso at Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
^sssAlso at Bozok Universitetesi Rektörlügü, Yozgat, Turkey.
^tttAlso at Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^uuuAlso at Milli Savunma University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^vvvAlso at Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
^wwwPresent address: Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^xxxAlso at Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
^yyyAlso at Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey.
^zzzAlso at Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
^aaaaAlso at Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^bbbbAlso at School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
^ccccAlso at IPPP Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.
^ddddAlso at Monash University, Faculty of Science, Clayton, Australia.
^eeeeAlso at Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
^ffffAlso at Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
^ggggAlso at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey.
^hhhhAlso at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
ⁱⁱⁱⁱAlso at United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, USA.
^jjjjAlso at Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey.
^kkkkAlso at Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
^llllAlso at Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey.
^mmmmAlso at Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
ⁿⁿⁿⁿAlso at Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest, Romania.
^ooooAlso at Another institute formerly covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
^ppppAlso at Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
^qqqqAlso at Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia.
^rrrrAlso at Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
^ssssAlso at Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

PDF

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 262301 – Published 22 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2ssw-wwyy

Abstract

The first observation of coherent $ϕ (1020)$ meson photoproduction off heavy nuclei is presented using ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.36 TeV. The data were collected by the CMS experiment and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $1.62 μ b^{- 1}$ . The $ϕ (1020)$ meson signals are reconstructed via the $K^{+} K^{-}$ decay channel. The production cross section is presented as a function of the $ϕ (1020)$ meson rapidity in the range $0.3 < | y | < 1.0$ , probing gluons that carry a fraction of the nucleon momentum ( $x$ ) around $10^{- 4}$ . The observed cross section exhibits little dependence on rapidity and is significantly suppressed, by a factor of $\sim 5$ , compared to a baseline model that treats a nucleus as a collection of free nucleons. Theoretical models that incorporate the nuclear shadowing effect generally provide a better description of the $ϕ (1020)$ data than those incorporating gluon saturation. This study establishes a powerful new tool for exploring nuclear effects and nuclear gluonic structure in the small- $x$ regime at a unique energy scale bridging the perturbative and nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics domains.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

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CMS data availability statement, 10.7483/OPENDATA.CMS.1BNU.8V1W.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 262301– Published 22 December, 2025

Vol. 135, Iss. 26 — 31 December 2025

Received 6 April 2025
Revised 14 November 2025
Accepted 25 November 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2ssw-wwyy

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by CERN.

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Observation of Coherent $ϕ (1020)$ Meson Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral PbPb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.36 TeV$

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Observation of Coherent ϕ(1020) Meson Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral PbPb Collisions at sNN=5.36 TeV

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (76)

Observation of Coherent $ϕ (1020)$ Meson Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral PbPb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.36 TeV$