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Leveraging Resonant Frequencies of an Optical Cavity for Spectroscopic Measurement of Gas Temperature and Concentration

Daniel Lisak1,*, Vittorio D’Agostino1,2, Szymon Wójtewicz1, Agata Cygan1, Marcin Gibas3, Piotr Wcisło1, Roman Ciuryło1, and Katarzyna Bielska1

  • *Contact author: dlisak@umk.pl
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 103201 – Published 3 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2jz1-dr5l

Abstract

We introduce a spectroscopic approach to primary gas thermometry, harnessing precise optical cavity resonance frequencies and ab initio molecular line intensity calculations. By utilizing CO (3-0) vibrational band lines and cavity mode dispersion spectroscopy, we achieve an uncertainty of 82 ppm (24 mK at 296 K) in line intensity ratio thermometry—over an order of magnitude lower than any previously reported spectroscopic thermometry at gas pressures above 1.2 kPa. This method extends high-precision spectroscopic thermometry across a pressure range an order of magnitude larger than prior techniques, enabling a fully optical, noncontact, and molecule-selective primary amount-of-substance measurement. We further demonstrate sub-permille uncertainty in gas concentration measurements across pressures from 50 Pa to 20 kPa, significantly enhancing the precision and versatility of spectroscopic gas metrology.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 103201– Published 3 September, 2025
  • Received 26 February 2025
  • Accepted 29 July 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

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