First Observation of Multiphonon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi></math>-Vibrations in an Odd-Odd Nuclear System

E. H. Wang; M. Abushawish; J. H. Hamilton; A. Navin; S. Bhattacharyya; J. Dudouet; G. H. Bhat; J. A. Sheikh; S. Jehangir; S. Y. Wang; S. Sun; B. Qi; M. Rejmund; A. Lemasson; Y. H. Kim; E. Clément; F. Didierjean; R. Y. Dong; G. Duchêne; B. Jacquot; C. F. Jiao; Y. X. Luo; C. Michelagnoli; A. V. Ramayya; J. O. Rasmussen; C. Schmitt; O. Stezowski; W. Z. Xu; H. Zhang; S. J. Zhu

doi:10.1103/1gy6-v3sb

First Observation of Multiphonon $γ$ -Vibrations in an Odd-Odd Nuclear System

E. H. Wang ^1,2,3,*, M. Abushawish ⁴, J. H. Hamilton³, A. Navin ^5,†, S. Bhattacharyya ^6,7, J. Dudouet ⁴, G. H. Bhat ⁸, J. A. Sheikh ^9,10, S. Jehangir¹¹ et al.

S. Y. Wang ^1,2,‡, S. Sun^1,2, B. Qi ^1,2, M. Rejmund⁵, A. Lemasson ⁵, Y. H. Kim^5,§, E. Clément ⁵, F. Didierjean ¹², R. Y. Dong ¹³, G. Duchêne¹², B. Jacquot⁵, C. F. Jiao ¹³, Y. X. Luo¹⁴, C. Michelagnoli ^5,∥, A. V. Ramayya^3,¶, J. O. Rasmussen¹⁴, C. Schmitt ^5,**, O. Stezowski ⁴, W. Z. Xu^1,2, H. Zhang^1,2, and S. J. Zhu ¹⁵

¹Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Nuclear Energy Technology and Comprehensive Utilization, Weihai Frontier Innovation Institute of Nuclear Technology, School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
²Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology of Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
³Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
⁴Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France
⁵GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, BP 55027, 14076 Caen cedex 5, France
⁶Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
⁷Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
⁸Department of Physics, Government Degree College Shopian, Jammu and Kashmir 192303, India
⁹Department of Physics, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora 192122, India
¹⁰Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
¹¹Department of Physics, Government Degree College Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir 192231, India
¹²Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
¹³School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
¹⁴Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
¹⁵Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

^*Contact author: ehwang@sdu.edu.cn
^†Contact author: navin.alahari@ganil.fr
^‡Contact author: sywang@sdu.edu.cn
^§Present address: Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea.
^∥Present address: Institut Laue-Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex, France.
^¶Deceased.
^**Present address: IPHC Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 072501 – Published 18 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/1gy6-v3sb

Abstract

The identification of the first multiphonon $γ$ -vibrational bands in an odd-odd neutron-rich nucleus of the nuclear chart is presented. These high-spin structures of hard to access ${}_{41}^{104}{Nb}_{63}$ , produced in fission, were studied by combining a spectrometer with isotopic resolution coupled to a $γ$ -ray tracking array and independently from high-fold $γ$ coincidence measurements. Triaxial projected shell model calculations for the high-spin states are in good agreement with the measured observables for the yrast, one-phonon, and two-phonon $γ$ bands. The possibility of an oblate shape of an isomeric state and coexistence of triaxial and oblate configurations is investigated from the decay of the 141 keV isomer. The present Letter illustrates the robustness of vibration excitations in the presence of an odd valence proton and neutron as well as the possibly coexisting shapes beyond the $N = 60$ transitional region.

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First Observation of Multiphonon $γ$ -Vibrations in an Odd-Odd Nuclear System

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First Observation of Multiphonon γ-Vibrations in an Odd-Odd Nuclear System

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First Observation of Multiphonon $γ$ -Vibrations in an Odd-Odd Nuclear System