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Probing Vortex Dynamics in 2D Superconductors with Scanning Quantum Microscope

Sreehari Jayaram1,*, Malik Lenger1,*, Dong Zhao2,3,4, Lucas Pupim5, Takashi Taniguchi6, Kenji Watanabe7, Ruoming Peng1,†, Marc Scheffler8, Rainer Stöhr1 et al.

Mathias S. Scheurer5, Jurgen Smet2, and Jörg Wrachtrup1,2

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: ruoming.peng@pi3.uni-stuttgart.de

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 126001 – Published 16 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/1fzm-pb1d

Abstract

Magnetic dynamics at the nanoscale provide crucial insight into the behavior of superconductors. Using single-spin scanning quantum microscopy, we probe vortex dynamics in the two-dimensional superconductor NbSe2. Our measurements reveal a disordered vortex glass phase that melts near the critical temperature and displays cooling-rate-dependent configurations. Surprisingly, magnetic noise persists well below Tc, with a strength that increases at lower temperatures—contrary to expectations. This behavior, detected via spin decoherence, points to an intrinsic origin driven by competition between supercurrent density and thermal fluctuations. Our results establish single-spin microscopy as a powerful platform for investigating fluctuations in 2D superconductors.

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