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High-Speed Wide-Field Imaging of Microcircuitry Using Nitrogen Vacancies in Diamond

James L. Webb1,*, Luca Troise1, Nikolaj W. Hansen2, Louise F. Frellsen1, Christian Osterkamp3, Fedor Jelezko3, Steffen Jankuhn4, Jan Meijer4, Kirstine Berg-Sørensen5 et al.

Jean-François Perrier2, Alexander Huck1,†, and Ulrik Lund Andersen1,‡

  • 1Center for Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
  • 2Department of Neuroscience, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
  • 3Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
  • 4Division of Applied Quantum Systems, Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
  • 5Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark

  • *jaluwe@fysik.dtu.dk
  • †alexander.huck.dtu.dk
  • ‡ulrik.andersen@fysik.dtu.dk
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Phys. Rev. Applied 17, 064051 – Published 27 June, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.17.064051

Abstract

The ability to measure the passage of electrical current with high spatial and temporal resolution is vital for applications ranging from inspection of microscopic electronic circuits to biosensing. The ability to image such signals passively and remotely is of great importance, in order to measure without invasive disruption of the system under study or the signal itself. A recent approach to achieving this utilizes point defects in solid-state materials; in particular, nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Acting as a high-density array of independent sensors, addressable opto-electronically and highly sensitive to factors including temperature and magnetic field, these are ideally suited to microscopic wide-field imaging. In this work, we demonstrate simultaneous spatially and temporally resolved recovery signals from a microscopic lithographically patterned circuit. Through application of a lock-in amplifier camera, we demonstrate micrometer-scale imaging resolution with a millimeter-scale field of view with simultaneous spatially resolved submillisecond (up to 3500 frames s−1) recovery of dc to kilohertz alternating and broadband pulsed-current electrical signals, without aliasing or undersampling. We demonstrate as examples of our method the recovery of synthetic signals replicating digital pulses in integrated circuits and signals that would be observed in a biological neuronal network in the brain.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 17, 064051– Published 27 June, 2022
  • Received 28 August 2021
  • Revised 4 February 2022
  • Accepted 5 May 2022
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