- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review Accelerators and Beams

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Analytical theory of the skewed wake effect

A. N. Chuprina* and S. S. Baturin†

  • School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia

  • *Contact author: anna.chuprina@metalab.ifmo.ru
  • †Contact author: s.s.baturin@gmail.com
PDF

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 28, 051301 – Published 30 May, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xrcr-4gp7

Abstract

Recently, the experimental discovery of a new type of wakefield effect, the “skewed wake effect,” has been reported. We provide an explanation of the nature of the skewed wake effect based on a simple three-particle model that we have developed. Taking a step forward, we analyze this effect for the case of a highly elliptical beam, provide a simple estimate of the skew angle, and analyze the wake amplitude effects associated with this effect.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (50)

  1. W. K. H. Panofsky and W. A. Wenzel, Some considerations concerning the transverse deflection of charged particles in radio-frequency fields, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 27, 967 (2004).
  2. A. Chao, Physics of Collective Beam Instabilities in High Energy Accelerators (Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993).
  3. C. Li, W. Gai, C. Jing, J. G. Power, C. X. Tang, and A. Zholents, High gradient limits due to single bunch beam breakup in a collinear dielectric wakefield accelerator, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 17, 091302 (2014).
  4. S. S. Baturin and A. Zholents, Stability condition for the drive bunch in a collinear wakefield accelerator, Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 21, 031301 (2018).
  5. E. Simakov, G. Andonian, S. Baturin, and P. Manwani, Limiting effects in drive bunch beam dynamics in beam-driven accelerators: Instability and collective effects, J. Instrum. 17, P05013 (2022).
  6. K. L. F. Bane, P. Chen, and P. B. Wilson, On collinear wake field acceleration, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 32, 3524 (1985).
  7. S. A. Heifets and S. A. Kheifets, Coupling impedance in modern accelerators, Rev. Mod. Phys. 63, 631 (1991).
  8. B. W. Zotter and S. Kheifets, Impedances and Wakes in High Energy Particle Accelerators (World Scientific, Singapore, 1998).10.1142/3068
  9. P. L. Morton, V. K. Neil, and A. M. Sessler, Wake fields of a pulse of charge moving in a highly conducting pipe of circular cross section, J. Appl. Phys. 37, 3875 (1966).
  10. E. Gianfelice and L. Palumbo, Dipole impedance of a conducting cylindrical pipe with a discontinuous cross section, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 37, 1084 (1990).
  11. M. Migliorati, L. Palumbo, C. Zannini, N. Biancacci, and V. G. Vaccaro, Resistive wall impedance in elliptical multilayer vacuum chambers, Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 22, 121001 (2019).
  12. K.-Y. Ng, Wake fields in a dielectric-lined waveguide, Phys. Rev. D 42, 1819 (1990).
  13. W. Gai, P. Schoessow, B. Cole, R. Konecny, J. Norem, J. Rosenzweig, and J. Simpson, Experimental demonstration of wake-field effects in dielectric structures, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2756 (1988).
  14. W. Gai, A. D. Kanareykin, A. L. Kustov, and J. Simpson, Numerical simulations of intense charged-particle beam propagation in a dielectric wake-field accelerator, Phys. Rev. E 55, 3481 (1997).
  15. S. S. Baturin and A. D. Kanareykin, New method of calculating the wakefields of a point charge in a waveguide of arbitrary cross section, Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 19, 051001 (2016).
  16. G. Andonian, O. Williams, S. Barber, D. Bruhwiler, P. Favier, M. Fedurin, K. Fitzmorris, A. Fukasawa, P. Hoang, K. Kusche, B. Naranjo, B. O’Shea, P. Stoltz, C. Swinson, A. Valloni, and J. B. Rosenzweig, Planar-dielectric-wakefield accelerator structure using Bragg-reflector boundaries, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 264801 (2014).
  17. P. D. Hoang, G. Andonian, I. Gadjev, B. Naranjo, Y. Sakai, N. Sudar, O. Williams, M. Fedurin, K. Kusche, C. Swinson, P. Zhang, and J. B. Rosenzweig, Experimental characterization of electron-beam-driven wakefield modes in a dielectric-woodpile Cartesian symmetric structure, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 164801 (2018).
  18. J. B. Rosenzweig, B. Breizman, T. Katsouleas, and J. J. Su, Acceleration and focusing of electrons in two-dimensional nonlinear plasma wake fields, Phys. Rev. A 44, R6189 (1991).
  19. P. Mora and T. M. Antonsen, Jr., Kinetic modeling of intense, short laser pulses propagating in tenuous plasmas, Phys. Plasmas 4, 217 (1997).
  20. K. V. Lotov, Blowout regimes of plasma wakefield acceleration, Phys. Rev. E 69, 046405 (2004).
  21. N. Barov, J. B. Rosenzweig, M. C. Thompson, and R. B. Yoder, Energy loss of a high-charge bunched electron beam in plasma: Analysis, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 7, 061301 (2004).
  22. W. Lu, C. Huang, M. Zhou, W. B. Mori, and T. Katsouleas, Nonlinear theory for relativistic plasma wakefields in the blowout regime, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 165002 (2006).
  23. G. Stupakov, B. Breizman, V. Khudik, and G. Shvets, Wake excited in plasma by an ultrarelativistic pointlike bunch, Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 19, 101302 (2016).
  24. G. Stupakov, Short-range wakefields generated in the blowout regime of plasma-wakefield acceleration, Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 21, 041301 (2018).
  25. T. N. Dalichaouch, X. L. Xu, A. Tableman, F. Li, F. S. Tsung, and W. B. Mori, A multi-sheath model for highly nonlinear plasma wakefields, Phys. Plasmas 28, 063103 (2021).
  26. M. Aicheler, P. Burrows, M. Draper, T. Garvey, P. Lebrun, K. Peach, N. Phinney, H. Schmickler, D. Schulte, and N. Toge, A Multi-TeV Linear Collider Based on CLIC Technology: CLIC Conceptual Design Report, CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs (CERN, Geneva, 2012).
  27. T. Behnke, J. E. Brau, B. Foster, J. Fuster, M. Harrison, J. M. Paterson, M. Peskin, M. Stanitzki, N. Walker, and H. Yamamoto, The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report—Volume 1: Executive Summary (CERN, Geneva, 2013).
  28. J. Stohr, J. Galayda, Z. Huang, P. Emma, H.-D. Nuhn, J. Welch, M. Rowen, P. Heimann, J. Arthur, J. Albino, R. Chestnut, A. Perazzo, G. Haller, D. Marsh, and S. Rokni, LCLS-II conceptual design report, SLAC Technical Report No. SLAC-R-978, 2011.
  29. W. P. Leemans, A. J. Gonsalves, H.-S. Mao, K. Nakamura, C. Benedetti, C. B. Schroeder, C. Tóth, J. Daniels, D. E. Mittelberger, S. S. Bulanov, J.-L. Vay, C. G. R. Geddes, and E. Esarey, Multi-GeV electron beams from capillary-discharge-guided subpetawatt laser pulses in the self-trapping regime, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 245002 (2014).
  30. R. D’Arcy et al., Flashforward: Plasma wakefield accelerator science for high-average-power applications, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 377, 2151 (2019).
  31. A. Zholents, W. Gai, S. Doran, R. Lindberg, J. Power, N. Strelnikov, Y. Sun, E. Trakhtenberg, I. Vasserman, C. Jing, A. Kanareykin, Y. Li, Q. Gao, D. Shchegolkov, and E. Simakov, A preliminary design of the collinear dielectric wakefield accelerator, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 829, 190 (2016), 2nd European Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop—EAAC 2015.
  32. A. Zholents, S. Doran, W. Jansma, M. Kasa, R. Kustom, A. Nassiri, J. Power, S. Sorsher, N. Strelnikov, K. Suthar, E. Trakhtenberg, I. Vasserman, G. Waldschmidt, J. Xu, and S. Baturin, A conceptual design of a compact wakefield accelerator for a high repetition rate multi user x-ray free-electron laser facility, in Proceedings of the 9th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC’18), Vancouver, BC, Canada (JACoW, Geneva, Switzerland, 2018), pp. 1266–1268, 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPMF010.
  33. A. Zholents, S. Baturin, S. Doran, W. Jansma, M. Fedurin, M. Kasa, K. Kusche, S. Lee, A. Nassiri, P. Piot, B. Popovic, M. Qian, A. Siy, S. Sorsher, K. Suthar, E. Trakhtenberg, G. Waldschmidt, and J. Xu, A high repetition rate millimeter wavelength accelerator for an x-ray free-electron laser, J. Instrum. 20, P01023 (2025).
  34. P. Chen, Differential luminosity under multiphoton beamstrahlung, Phys. Rev. D 46, 1186 (1992).
  35. S. Y. Lee, Accelerator Physics (World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, 2012).
  36. S. S. Baturin, G. Andonian, and J. B. Rosenzweig, Analytical treatment of the wakefields driven by transversely shaped beams in a planar slow-wave structure, Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 21, 121302 (2018).
  37. B. D. O’Shea, G. Andonian, S. S. Baturin, C. I. Clarke, P. D. Hoang, M. J. Hogan, B. Naranjo, O. B. Williams, V. Yakimenko, and J. B. Rosenzweig, Suppression of deflecting forces in planar-symmetric dielectric wakefield accelerating structures with elliptical bunches, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 104801 (2020).
  38. A. Tremaine, J. Rosenzweig, and P. Schoessow, Electromagnetic wake fields and beam stability in slab-symmetric dielectric structures, Phys. Rev. E 56, 7204 (1997).
  39. S. Zhou, J. Hua, W. An, W. B. Mori, C. Joshi, J. Gao, and W. Lu, High efficiency uniform wakefield acceleration of a positron beam using stable asymmetric mode in a hollow channel plasma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 174801 (2021).
  40. P. Manwani, N. Majernik, J. Mann, Y. Kang, D. Chow, H. Ancelin, G. Andonian, and J. Rosenzweig, Flat beam plasma wakefield accelerator, arXiv:2305.01902.
  41. K. Yokoya and P. Chen, Electron energy spectrum and maximum disruption angle under multi-photon beamstrahlung, in Proceedings of the 1989 Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, IL, edited by F. Bennett and J. Kepta (IEEE, New York, 1989), pp. 1438–1440, 10.1109/PAC.1989.73474.
  42. J. Zhu, P. Piot, D. Mihalcea, and C. R. Prokop, Formation of compressed flat electron beams with high transverse-emittance ratios, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 17, 084401 (2014).
  43. A. Halavanau, J. Hyun, D. Mihalcea, P. Piot, T. Sen, and J. Thangaraj, Magnetized and flat beam experiment at FAST, in Proceedings of the International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC’17), Copenhagen, Denmark (JACoW, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017), pp. 3876–3879, 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-THPAB073.
  44. W. Lynn, T. Xu, G. Andonian, D. S. Doran, G. Ha, N. Majernik, P. Piot, J. Power, J. B. Rosenzweig, C. Whiteford, and E. Wisniewski, Observation of skewed electromagnetic wakefields in an asymmetric structure driven by flat electron bunches, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 165001 (2024).
  45. S. S. Baturin and A. D. Kanareykin, Cherenkov radiation from short relativistic bunches: General approach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 214801 (2014).
  46. K. Bane and G. Stupakov, Dechirper wakefields for short bunches, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 820, 156 (2016).
  47. M. Lavrentiev and B. Shabat, Methods of Complex Function Theory (Nauka, Moskow, 1987).
  48. R. A. Silverman, Introductory Complex Analysis (Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1972).
  49. L. Xiao, W. Gai, and X. Sun, Field analysis of a dielectric-loaded rectangular waveguide accelerating structure, Phys. Rev. E 65, 016505 (2001).
  50. W. Lynn, G. Andonian, N. Majernik, S. O’Tool, J. Rosenzweig, S. Doran, S. Kim, J. G. Power, E. Wisniewski, and P. Piot, Demonstration of transverse stability in an alternating symmetry planar dielectric structure, in Proceedings of the 14th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC’23), Venice, Italy (JACoW, Geneva, Switzerland, 2023), pp. 1502–1505, 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2023-TUPA080.

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 28, 051301– Published 30 May, 2025
  • Received 13 March 2025
  • Accepted 12 May 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation