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  • Open Access

Mitigation of third-order resonances in the Fermilab Recycler Ring

Cristhian Gonzalez-Ortiz* and Robert Ainsworth

Peter Ostroumov†

  • *Contact author: gonza839@fnal.gov
  • †Also at Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 29, 054001 – Published 29 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/7qs8-3zl4

Abstract

As the Fermilab accelerator complex prepares for higher-intensity operation under the Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II), addressing the negative impacts of third-order resonance becomes crucial for the Recycler Ring (RR). Minimizing fluctuations of third-order resonance driving terms (RDTs) around the ring allows one to enhance dynamic aperture and reduce resonance-driven losses. This work experimentally demonstrates a mitigation scheme using normal and skew sextupoles, optimized via the response matrix method, in order to manipulate and minimize RDTs for a hadron storage ring. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this approach for a bunched beam at high intensities is evaluated through dynamic and static tune scans. The results show that resonance compensation remains effective in the presence of space charge, reducing beam loss and emittance growth compared to uncompensated operation. These new measurements extend previous observations of third-order resonance effects in high-intensity bunched beams by explicitly quantifying beam loss, emittance growth, and tail population under conditions where the RDTs are minimized around the ring. Overall, these findings strengthen the applicability of resonance control in the RR and highlight its importance for reliable high-intensity operation in the PIP-II era.

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Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 29, 054001– Published 29 May, 2026
  • Received 28 January 2025
  • Accepted 15 April 2026
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