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    Characterization of randomness in quantum circuits of continuous gate sets

    Yosuke Mitsuhashi1,*, Ryotaro Suzuki2,†, Tomohiro Soejima3,‡, and Nobuyuki Yoshioka4,5,6,§

    • 1Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
    • 2Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
    • 3Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
    • 4Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
    • 5Quantum Computing Center, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
    • 6JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan

    • *Contact author: mitsuhashi@noneq.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
    • †Contact author: ryotaro.suzuki@fu-berlin.de
    • ‡Contact author: tomohiro_soejima@g.harvard.edu
    • §Contact author: nyoshioka@ap.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

    Phys. Rev. A 111, 052409 – Published 7 May, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.052409

    Abstract

    In the accompanying paper [Y. Mitsuhashi, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 180404 (2025)], we established the method of characterizing the maximal order of asymptotic unitary designs generated by symmetric local random circuits, and explicitly specified the order in the cases of Z2, U(1), and SU(2) symmetries. Here, we provide full details on the derivation of the main theorems for general symmetry and for concrete symmetries. Furthermore, we consider a general framework where we have access to a finite set of connected compact unitary subgroups, which includes symmetric local unitary gate sets.

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    See Also

    Unitary Designs of Symmetric Local Random Circuits

    Yosuke Mitsuhashi, Ryotaro Suzuki, Tomohiro Soejima, and Nobuyuki Yoshioka
    Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 180404 (2025)

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