• Accepted Paper

Ancilla assisted quantum process tomography using bound entangled states

Gurvir Singh

Phys. Rev. A - Accepted 3 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/p1ks-qpnr

Abstract

Lu [Ann. Phys. (Berlin) , 2100550 (2022)] raised the question of whether bound entangled states can be useful for ancilla-assisted quantum process tomography (AAQPT). We answer this question in the affirmative by exhibiting bound entangled states that are faithful and hence suitable for process reconstruction. We further show that local filtering, although capable of increasing the trace norm of the realigned matrix, is ineffective for AAQPT since it generally destroys faithfulness and thereby renders the resulting states unsuitable for reliable channel reconstruction. Finally, we investigate the performance of bound entangled probes and compare them with Werner and isotropic states, demonstrating that bound entangled states can outperform full rank separable probes. We quantify the performance of a probe by the stability of the channel reconstruction it supports, namely by the smallest singular value and the condition number of its realigned matrix, and we show that every separable probe in d⊗d dimensions obeys σmin≤1/[d(d+1)] and κ≥d+1, bounds that our bound entangled probe surpasses on both counts. Our results show that bound entanglement can offer a conditioning advantage over separable probes in AAQPT.

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