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    Dynamical distillation of topological boundary states via non-Hermitian masking

    Juan Kang, Chaohua Wu*, Keran Li, Shuo Liu, Qinglong Zhang, and Gang Chen†

    • Quantum Information Institute, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China and Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

    • *Contact author: sxwuchua@163.com
    • †Contact author: chengang971@163.com

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 063514 – Published 11 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zthg-9xhk

    Abstract

    Topological boundary states are a hallmark of topological phases, yet their direct detection remains challenging when they hybridize with bulk states or fail to form isolated in-gap modes. Here, we introduce a dynamical approach for directly distilling boundary-localized states in topological lattices via non-Hermitian masking, achieved by imposing loss on the bulk region of the lattice without targeting specific eigenmodes. Under full-field excitation, bulk modes are dynamically suppressed, while boundary-localized states survive as the longest-lived modes, enabling their direct visualization. We experimentally demonstrate this method in tailored photonic honeycomb lattices using defocused incoherent input, demonstrating the dynamical distillation of both static and Floquet-induced corner states. Notably, the proposed approach does not rely on mode-selective excitation or prior knowledge of the spatial distributions of boundary states, and enables their simultaneous visualization even in the presence of spatial extension or hybridization. Our results establish a general and experimentally accessible strategy for isolating and visualizing boundary-localized states in topological systems.

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