Phase-dependent optical response and quantum sensing of a V-type quantum emitter near a graphene monolayer
Phys. Rev. A 114, 023729 – Published 27 August, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ztfr-k1k5
Abstract
We investigate the phase-dependent optical response and sensing capabilities of a V-type quantum emitter positioned near a graphene monolayer. The graphene sheet creates an anisotropic electromagnetic environment that modifies the spontaneous emission rates and induces correlated decay between the two optical transitions of the emitter. For the graphene parameters considered here, the resulting interference parameter is . We show that this graphene-induced interference makes the component-resolved optical response highly sensitive to the relative phase and amplitude ratio of two circularly polarized driving fields. Using a density matrix model that includes pure dephasing, we derive analytical conditions for phase-controlled zero absorption with finite dispersion, complete transparency, and negative effective absorption of one field component. The latter corresponds to phase-sensitive amplification without population inversion, with the second coherent component supplying the transferred energy, while the total two-field absorption remains non-negative. We then show how the phase-selected spectral features can be used as frequency-readout observables for sensing. Zeeman splitting of the upper states shifts the transparency point and provides a route to optical magnetometry, while changes in the local dielectric environment modify the graphene-induced decay constants and enable refractive index sensing. The analysis identifies the dephasing-limited threshold for exact transparency and discusses linewidth and resolution constraints. The proposed system provides an electrically tunable graphene-based platform for coherent optical control and nanoscale quantum sensing.
