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Non-Markovian ensemble propagation

Miralem Sinanović1,2, Alessandro Ciani2, Shai Machnes3, and Frank K. Wilhelm1,2

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Phys. Rev. A 112, 042212 – Published 15 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zh52-bc4k

Abstract

Open quantum systems are ubiquitous in nature and central to quantum technologies. A common description of their dynamics is given by the celebrated Lindblad master equation, which can be generalized to the non-Markovian scenario. In this work, we introduce the non-Markovian ensemble propagation (NMEP) method, which extends the Monte Carlo wave-function (MCWF) method to the non-Markovian case in a simple and general manner. We demonstrate its accuracy and effectiveness in a selection of examples, and compare the results with either analytic expressions or direct numerical integration of the master equation.

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Phys. Rev. A 112, 042212– Published 15 October, 2025
  • Received 16 January 2025
  • Accepted 21 August 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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