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    Frequency up-conversion of infrared signals via molecular cavity optomechanical systems with gain

    Shu-Xian Quan, Fen Zou*, and Yong Li†

    • Center for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

    • *Contact author: zoufen@hainanu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: yongli@hainanu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 114, 043725 – Published 16 October, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/yhcx-fvdg

    Abstract

    Molecular cavity optomechanical systems have recently emerged as a promising platform for enhancing infrared detection sensitivity, owing to their ability to up-convert low-frequency infrared (IR) photons to visible frequency range. Generally, under red-detuned pumping in such systems, the maximum conversion efficiency of the IR signal can only approach 1. To achieve higher conversion efficiency, we propose a scheme that incorporates gain into the infrared cavity of a molecular cavity optomechanical system comprising two cavities and an ensemble of N molecules. The up-conversion process, which relies on IR absorption and Raman scattering associated with specific vibrational modes, is significantly amplified by the incorporation of gain under the red-detuned conditions. Moreover, our analysis demonstrates that the added noise is maintained near 0.5.

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