We present a theoretical study on the circular polarization of the $1s2s^{2}2p_{1/2}{J}_d=1\to 1s^{2}2s^2{J}_f=0$ electric-dipole emission following the resonant electron capture of lithiumlike ions with spin-polarized electrons. Special attention is paid to how the spin polarization of the recombined electrons influences the circular polarization of the emitted photons. To this end, detailed calculations are carried out for different spin-polarization states of the recombined electrons within the framework of the density-matrix theory by employing the multiconfigurational Dirac-Hartree-Fock and relativistic distorted-wave methods. We uncover that the emitted photons are strongly circularly polarized, exhibiting a pronounced sensitivity to the spin polarization of the recombined electrons, with a distinct dependence on the emission angle. The pronounced sensitivity of the circular polarization to the spin polarization of the recombined electrons can serve as a powerful diagnostic scheme for the spin polarization of electron beams. Beyond its fundamental significance, such a circular-polarization-resolved diagnostic scheme holds promising potential applications in plasma physics and materials science, enabling precise spin diagnostics in extreme plasmas and allowing the characterization of spin-related properties in magnetic materials.

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• Atomic & molecular collisions
• Atomic spectra
• Autoionization & Auger processes
• Photoemission
• Ions
• Polarization
• Hartree-Fock methods
• Quantum chemistry methods