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    Observable Efimov resonances in light-light-heavy systems

    Karim I. Elghazawy1,* and Chris H. Greene1,2,†

    • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
    • 2Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA

    • *Contact author: kelghaza@purdue.edu
    • †Contact author: chgreene@purdue.edu

    Phys. Rev. A 112, 063301 – Published 1 December, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/y4vl-fxk9

    Abstract

    Three-body loss resonances associated with heavy-heavy-light Efimov states have been observed for over a decade in ultracold mixtures tuned near interspecies Feshbach resonances. For light-light-heavy systems, observing such resonances has been far more challenging due to the substantially large Efimov spacing. In these Efimov-unfavored systems, the intraspecies scattering length aBB has been shown to significantly affect the overall Efimov scenario, namely, the positions of the Efimov resonances a−(n) and the three-body parameter (3BP) a−(0). The present article explains the origin behind this influence by highlighting two primary mechanisms via which both the magnitude and sign of aBB govern the Efimov spectrum and set the resulting 3BP a−(0). By employing van der Waals interactions for Na232K40, we attribute the vital role of aBB in Efimov-unfavored systems to the large difference between the Efimov scaling parameters for two and three resonant interactions, s0 and s0*. In particular, we account for the unusually large a−(0) obtained in light-light-heavy systems with aBB>0 (e.g., K412Rb87), and show that the first Efimov resonance can still occur at an experimentally accessible value when aBB<0.

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