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    Hexapartite active nonlinear feedback control in four-wave mixing with a spatially structured pump

    Guanjun Zeng1, Xiaozhou Pan1, Kai Zhang1,*, and Jietai Jing1,2,3,4,†

    • 1State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, School of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
    • 2CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
    • 3Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
    • 4Institute of Nonlinear Physics and Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China

    • *Contact author: kzhang@lps.ecnu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: jtjing@phy.ecnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 062448 – Published 22 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xj95-8f3r

    Abstract

    In the field of quantum information science, feedback control has become an important method for preparing and manipulating nonclassical beams. Here we theoretically propose an active nonlinear feedback control system utilizing two four-wave-mixing processes FWM1 and FWM2 with spatially structured pumping, where the second four-wave-mixing process FWM2 acts as an active nonlinear controller. After considering practical losses, the input-output relation of the system is derived. The effects of the feedback strength, the phase of the feedback loop, and the gain of the FWM1 on the relative intensity-difference squeezing (IDS) of the nonlinear feedback control system are investigated theoretically. Remarkably, we find that even when the FWM1 operates at a significantly low level of pump power, the degree of the IDS across all six output fields of the system is enhanced for a certain range of intensity gain and phase. Moreover, there exists an optimal intensity gain and phase to maximize the IDS. In addition, we analyze the entanglement properties of the system by applying the partial transpose criterion and find that the intensity gain and phase can tailor the entanglement structure of the hexapartite state. Our results highlight a promising strategy for improving the fidelity of quantum communication and for enhancing the measurement precision in quantum metrology.

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