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    Characterizing entanglement shareability and distribution in N-partite systems

    Hui Li1,2, Ting Gao1,*, and Fengli Yan3,†

    • *Contact author: gaoting@hebtu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: flyan@hebtu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 114, 012204 – Published 9 July, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xdgh-6hg4

    Abstract

    Exploring the shareability and distribution of entanglement possesses fundamental significance in quantum information tasks. In this paper we demonstrate that the square of bipartite entanglement measures Gq-concurrence, which is the generalization of concurrence, follows a set of hierarchical monogamy relations for any N-qubit quantum state. On the basis of these monogamy inequalities, we render two kinds of hierarchical indicators that exhibit evident advantages in the capacity of witnessing entanglement. Moreover, we show an analytical relation between Gq-concurrence and concurrence in 2⊗d systems. Furthermore, we rigorously prove that the monogamy property of squared Gq-concurrence is superior to that of squared concurrence in 2⊗d2⊗d3⊗⋯⊗dN systems. In addition, several concrete examples are provided to illustrate that for multilevel systems, the squared Gq-concurrence satisfies the monogamy relation, even if the squared concurrence does not. These results better reveal the intriguing characteristic of multilevel entanglement and provide critical insights into the entanglement distribution within multipartite quantum systems.

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