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  • Letter
  • Open Access

General approximator for strong-field ionization rates

Manoram Agarwal*

Armin Scrinzi†

Vladislav S. Yakovlev‡

  • *Contact author: manoram.agarwal@mpq.mpg.de
  • †Contact author: Armin.Scrinzi@lmu.de
  • ‡Contact author: vladislav.yakovlev@physik.uni-muenchen.de
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Phys. Rev. A 113, L021101 – Published 20 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vxgm-kdtt

Abstract

We address the long-standing problem of determining accurate, time-resolved ionization rates for atoms in strong laser fields, a quantity that is fundamental to attosecond science. We show that it is possible to retrieve sub-optical-cycle dynamics of strong-field ionization from ionization probabilities obtained for a set of few-cycle laser pulses that covers a sufficiently broad parameter space. To this end, we introduce the general approximator for strong-field ionization rates, a retrieval tool that uses a few adjustable parameters to accurately reconstruct ab initio data. By imposing only essential physical constraints, our model provides a versatile framework for time-domain investigations of strong-field ionization and the role of ionization dynamics in attosecond metrology and lightwave electronics.

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Phys. Rev. A 113, L021101– Published 20 February, 2026
  • Received 29 July 2025
  • Revised 25 December 2025
  • Accepted 2 February 2026
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