Mode distinguishability in multiphoton interference
Phys. Rev. A 113, 013734 – Published 23 January, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vnkd-gwc8
Abstract
The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is a quintessential process in various quantum information technologies and quantum optics applications. In this work we investigate multiphoton interference, developing a model for the simultaneous characterization of polarization and spectrotemporal mode mismatch on the coincidence probabilities under the effects of realistic imperfections of devices used in HOM experiments and quantum-channel-induced mode transformations on the input states. We also study the coincidence probability for coherent states as a function of source intensity, as well as spectrotemporal and polarization mismatch of the incident beams. We apply our model to the case of multiphoton interference from independent sources and analyze the consequences of mode mismatch in various instances that occur in quantum networking including entanglement swapping and measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD).