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Engineering Zeeman-manifold quintets using state-dependent light shifts in neutral atoms

Benedikt Heizenreder1,*, Bas Gerritsen2,3,*, Katya Fouka2,3,*, Robert J. C. Spreeuw1,3, Florian Schreck1,3, Arghavan Safavi Naini2,3, and Alexander Urech1,3,†

  • 1Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • 2Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • 3QuSoft, Science Park 123, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: Quintet3P2@strontiumBEC.com
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Phys. Rev. A 114, 042614 – Published 13 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vcf2-d442

Abstract

We present a general method for engineering qudits through individually addressable transitions between Zeeman sublevels, achieved by combining a large linear Zeeman shift with a state-dependent light shift. This approach lifts the degeneracy between adjacent states while simultaneously tuning their energy splittings into the radio-frequency (RF) domain, enabling coherent manipulation within the Zeeman manifold using experimentally accessible drive frequencies. As a concrete realization, we investigate the implementation of an SU(5) quintet encoded in the Zeeman sublevels of the long-lived P23 state of neutral Sr88 atoms confined in far-detuned, σ−-polarized optical tweezers. Using realistic experimental parameters, we numerically demonstrate full control of the quintet manifold, including initialization into a specific SU(5) basis state via a multiphoton transfer, coherent state- and site-selective single-qudit rotations driven by RF fields, and fast state-selective optical readout. Our simulations predict state-preparation fidelities of F≃0.99 within less than 1µs, single-qudit gate fidelities of F ≃0.99 with π-pulse durations of ∼1.4µs, and fast destructive imaging with durations below 10µs under ideal conditions. These results establish a broadly applicable framework for high-fidelity control of Zeeman sublevel-encoded qudits and highlight the P23 manifold in strontium as a promising platform for scalable qudit-based quantum technologies.

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Phys. Rev. A 114, 042614– Published 13 October, 2026
  • Received 16 January 2026
  • Revised 25 July 2026
  • Accepted 10 August 2026
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