Rotational-hyperfine cooling of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>TlF</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>205</mn></mmultiscripts></math> in a cryogenic beam

CeNTREX Collaboration; Olivier Grasdijk; David DeMille; Jakob Kastelic; Steve Lamoreaux; Oskari Timgren; Konrad Wenz; Tanya Zelevinsky; David Kawall

doi:10.1103/vb31-f2c3

Rotational-hyperfine cooling of ${}^{205}{TlF}$ in a cryogenic beam

Olivier Grasdijk ^1,*, David DeMille ^1,†, Jakob Kastelic ², Steve Lamoreaux ², Oskari Timgren ², Konrad Wenz³, Tanya Zelevinsky ³, and David Kawall⁴ (CeNTREX Collaboration)

¹Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
²Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
³Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-5255, USA
⁴Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA

^*Contact author: jgrasdijk@argonne.gov
^†Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

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Phys. Rev. A 112, 022803 – Published 4 August, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vb31-f2c3

Abstract

The aim of the Cold Molecule Nuclear Time-Reversal Experiment (CeNTREX) is to search for a time-reversal symmetry violation in the thallium nucleus by measuring the Schiff moment of ${}^{205}{Tl}$ in the polar molecule thallium fluoride (TlF). CeNTREX uses a cryogenic beam of TlF with a rotational temperature of 6.3(2) K. This results in a population spread over dozens of rotational and hyperfine sublevels of TlF, although only a single level is useful for the Schiff-moment measurement. Here, we present a protocol for cooling the rotational and hyperfine degrees of freedom in the CeNTREX beam, transferring the majority of the Boltzmann distribution into a single rotational and hyperfine sublevel by using a single ultraviolet laser and a pair of microwave beams. We achieve a factor of 20.1(4) gain in the population of the $J = 0, F = 0$ hyperfine sublevel of the TlF ground state.

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Rotational-hyperfine cooling of ${}^{205}{TlF}$ in a cryogenic beam

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Rotational-hyperfine cooling of TlF205 in a cryogenic beam

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Rotational-hyperfine cooling of ${}^{205}{TlF}$ in a cryogenic beam